How Many Kinds of Birds Are There and Why Does It Matter?
How Many Kinds of Birds Are There and Why Does It Matter?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0166307
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zink RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrowclough GF;Cracraft J;Klicka J;Zink RM
对全球物种多样性的估计有很大差异，主要是根据节肢动物和其他小型无脊椎动物的不同清查方法得出的数量差异。在脊椎动物，目前的鱼类，两栖动物和爬行动物的多样性指标被认为是穷人的估计，而鸟类和哺乳动物往往被认为是相对完善的。我们表明，鸟类的进化多样性被大大低估，由于在大多数其他分类群体中没有发现的分类传统。使用从9159个生物物种中提取的200个物种的样本，主要由形态学标准确定，我们将诊断，进化物种的概念应用于形态学和分布数据集，估计全球有18，043种鸟类，95%置信区间为15，845至20，470。在第二个独立的分析中，我们检查了437个传统鸟类物种的种内遗传数据，发现每个物种平均有2.4个进化单位，可以被认为是系统发育物种的代理。将最近的物种列表与本研究中使用的物种列表（主要基于形态学）进行比较，发现过去25年的分类变化仅导致9%的增长，远低于我们的结果预测。因此，我们的分子和形态学结果表明，目前的鸟类分类低估鸟类物种多样性的至少两个因素。我们建议，修订后的分类，更好地捕捉鸟类物种多样性将加强量化和分析的全球多样性和分布格局，以及提供一个更合适的框架，了解鸟类的进化历史。
Estimates of global species diversity have varied widely, primarily based on variation in the numbers derived from different inventory methods of arthropods and other small invertebrates. Within vertebrates, current diversity metrics for fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are known to be poor estimators, whereas those for birds and mammals are often assumed to be relatively well established. We show that avian evolutionary diversity is significantly underestimated due to a taxonomic tradition not found in most other taxonomic groups. Using a sample of 200 species taken from a list of 9159 biological species determined primarily by morphological criteria, we applied a diagnostic, evolutionary species concept to a morphological and distributional data set that resulted in an estimate of 18,043 species of birds worldwide, with a 95% confidence interval of 15,845 to 20,470. In a second, independent analysis, we examined intraspecific genetic data from 437 traditional avian species, finding an average of 2.4 evolutionary units per species, which can be considered proxies for phylogenetic species. Comparing recent lists of species to that used in this study (based primarily on morphology) revealed that taxonomic changes in the past 25 years have led to an increase of only 9%, well below what our results predict. Therefore, our molecular and morphological results suggest that the current taxonomy of birds understimates avian species diversity by at least a factor of two. We suggest that a revised taxonomy that better captures avian species diversity will enhance the quantification and analysis of global patterns of diversity and distribution, as well as provide a more appropriate framework for understanding the evolutionary history of birds.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Clark, JS
通讯作者：
Clark, JS
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Blackburn, TM;Gaston, KJ
通讯作者：
Gaston, KJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1521291113
发表时间：
2016-05-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Locey, Kenneth J.;Lennon, Jay T.
通讯作者：
Lennon, Jay T.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
McKay, Bailey D.;Zink, Robert M.
通讯作者：
Zink, Robert M.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hawkins, BA;Diniz, JAF;Soeller, SA
通讯作者：
Soeller, SA