Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications.

Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications.
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注意力和自我控制的轻松训练:机制和应用。

DOI:
10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006
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发表时间:
2022-07
影响因子:
19.9
通讯作者:
Gross, James J.
Gross, James J.
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tang, Yi-Yuan;Tang, Rongxiang;Posner, Michael I.;Gross, James J.

文献摘要

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在过去的50年里,认知科学家们一直认为,训练注意力和自我控制必须是努力的。然而,越来越多的证据表明,不费力的训练方法,如自然暴露,流动的经验,和不费力的注意力和自我控制的做法有希望的效果。这篇文章的重点是毫不费力地训练注意力和自我控制。我们开始介绍我们的定义,努力和不努力的培训和审查越来越多的文献对这两种不同形式的培训。然后,我们讨论了他们各自的行为结果和神经相关性的相似性和差异。最后,我们提出了一个假定的神经机制,毫不费力的训练。最后,我们强调有前途的研究方向,开发和应用毫不费力的训练。
For the past 50 years, cognitive scientists have assumed that training attention and self-control must be effortful. However, growing evidence suggests promising effects of effortless training approaches such as nature exposure, flow experience, and effortless practice on attention and self-control. This piece focuses on effortless training of attention and self-control. We begin by introducing our definitions of effortful and effortless training and reviewing the growing literature on these two different forms of training. We then discuss the similarities and differences in their respective behavioral outcomes and neural correlates. Finally, we propose a putative neural mechanism of effortless training. We conclude by highlighting promising directions for research, development, and application of effortless training.
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