Depletion of kinesin motor KIF20A to target cell fate control suppresses medulloblastoma tumour growth.

Depletion of kinesin motor KIF20A to target cell fate control suppresses medulloblastoma tumour growth.
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DOI:
10.1038/s42003-021-02075-4
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发表时间:
2021-05-11
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Lu Q
Lu Q
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Qiu R;Wu J;Gudenas B;Northcott PA;Wechsler-Reya RJ;Lu Q

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在哺乳动物大脑发育过程中,神经祖细胞广泛增殖,但可以通过平衡对称增殖与不对称分化细胞分裂来确保产生正确数量的各种类型的成熟细胞。这种细胞命运决定的过程可用于开发癌症疗法。在这里,我们通过在髓母细胞瘤 (MB) 和人类 MB 细胞的遗传模型中针对 KIF20A(一种对控制细胞分裂模式至关重要的有丝分裂驱动蛋白)来测试这一想法。正常和 MB 启动的颗粒神经元祖细胞 (GNP) 中的诱导型 Kif20a 敲除会导致早期细胞周期退出和早熟神经元分化,但不会导致胞质分裂失败,并抑制 Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) 激活的 MB 的发育。人 MB 细胞中诱导型 KIF20A 敲低可抑制培养物和生长肿瘤中的增殖。我们的结果表明,针对新生子细胞的命运规范过程为开发恶性脑肿瘤的抗增殖治疗提供了一条新途径。 Runyang Qiu等人发现Kif20a(胞质分裂和神经祖细胞命运的调节因子)的条件敲除可诱导细胞周期早期退出和小脑颗粒神经元祖细胞的早熟神经元分化。他们表明,Kif20a 缺失可抑制髓母细胞瘤遗传和异种移植小鼠模型中的肿瘤形成,这表明针对子细胞命运规范的价值。
During mammalian brain development, neural progenitor cells proliferate extensively but can ensure the production of correct numbers of various types of mature cells by balancing symmetric proliferative versus asymmetric differentiative cell divisions. This process of cell fate determination may be harnessed for developing cancer therapy. Here, we test this idea by targeting KIF20A, a mitotic kinesin crucial for the control of cell division modes, in a genetic model of medulloblastoma (MB) and human MB cells. Inducible Kif20a knockout in both normal and MB-initiating granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) causes early cell cycle exit and precocious neuronal differentiation without causing cytokinesis failure and suppresses the development of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-activated MB. Inducible KIF20A knockdown in human MB cells inhibits proliferation both in cultures and in growing tumors. Our results indicate that targeting the fate specification process of nascent daughter cells presents a novel avenue for developing anti-proliferation treatment for malignant brain tumors. Runxiang Qiu et al find that conditional knockout of Kif20a, a regulator of cytokinesis and neural progenitor cell fate, induces early cell cycle exit and precocious neuronal differentiation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors. They show that Kif20a depletion suppresses tumour formation in genetic and xenograft mouse models of medulloblastoma, indicating the value of targeting daughter cell fate specification.
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