Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications.
Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2017.00902
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Manca C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carta G;Murru E;Banni S;Manca C
长期以来，棕榈酸（PA）因其公认的有害健康作用而被负面描述，掩盖了其多种重要的生理活性。PA是最常见的饱和脂肪酸，占人体总脂肪酸的20-30%，可以在饮食中提供或通过从头脂肪生成（DNL）内源性合成。PA组织含量似乎控制在一个明确的浓度，其摄入量的变化不会影响其组织浓度显着，因为外源性来源是由PA内源性生物合成平衡。特定的生理病理条件和营养因素可能强烈诱导DNL，导致PA的组织含量增加，并破坏其组织浓度的稳态控制。PA组织浓度的严格稳态控制可能与其基本生理作用有关，以保证膜的物理性质，但也同意蛋白质棕榈酰化，棕榈酰乙醇酰胺（PEA）的生物合成，并在肺中有效的表面活性剂活性。为了维持膜磷脂（PL）的平衡可能是至关重要的，PA的最佳摄入量与不饱和脂肪酸，特别是n-6和n-3家族的PUFA的一定比例。然而，在存在其他因素如正能量平衡、过量摄入碳水化合物（特别是单糖和二糖）和久坐不动的生活方式的情况下，维持PA浓度稳定状态的机制可能被破坏，导致组织PA的过度积累，从而导致血脂异常、高血糖症、异位脂肪积累增加和通过Toll样受体4增加的炎症张力。因此，关于膳食PA与有害健康影响的相关性的有争议的数据可能与膳食PA/PUFA比率的过度失衡有关，在某些生理病理条件下，并且在存在增强的DNL的情况下，可能进一步加速这些有害影响。
Palmitic acid (PA) has been for long time negatively depicted for its putative detrimental health effects, shadowing its multiple crucial physiological activities. PA is the most common saturated fatty acid accounting for 20–30% of total fatty acids in the human body and can be provided in the diet or synthesized endogenously via de novo lipogenesis (DNL). PA tissue content seems to be controlled around a well-defined concentration, and changes in its intake do not influence significantly its tissue concentration because the exogenous source is counterbalanced by PA endogenous biosynthesis. Particular physiopathological conditions and nutritional factors may strongly induce DNL, resulting in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. The tight homeostatic control of PA tissue concentration is likely related to its fundamental physiological role to guarantee membrane physical properties but also to consent protein palmitoylation, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) biosynthesis, and in the lung an efficient surfactant activity. In order to maintain membrane phospholipids (PL) balance may be crucial an optimal intake of PA in a certain ratio with unsaturated fatty acids, especially PUFAs of both n-6 and n-3 families. However, in presence of other factors such as positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates (in particular mono and disaccharides), and a sedentary lifestyle, the mechanisms to maintain a steady state of PA concentration may be disrupted leading to an over accumulation of tissue PA resulting in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone via toll-like receptor 4. It is therefore likely that the controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects, may be related to an excessive imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA ratio which, in certain physiopathological conditions, and in presence of an enhanced DNL, may further accelerate these deleterious effects.
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影响因子：
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