Weathering the storm: Do arctic blizzards cause repeatable changes in stress physiology and body condition in breeding songbirds?
Weathering the storm: Do arctic blizzards cause repeatable changes in stress physiology and body condition in breeding songbirds?
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风暴风暴：北极暴风雪是否会导致繁殖鸣鸟的压力生理和身体状况的重复变化？
DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.004
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wingfield JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krause JS;Pérez JH;Chmura HE;Meddle SL;Hunt KE;Gough L;Boelman N;Wingfield JC
分析了5 年多天暴雪的应激生理反应。除了两种情况外，基线皮质酮不受暴风雪的影响。应激引起的皮质酮在暴风雪期间通常升高。应激生理在一年多天的风暴中有显著差异。身体状况在风暴的第一天有增加的趋势。由于气候变化，世界范围内的恶劣天气事件正在增加。为了应对恶劣的天气事件，脊椎动物依靠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴激活的应激反应来调节生理和行为。先前的研究详细描述了一次风暴中应激激素皮质酮基线浓度的变化，但很少有数据表明，随着风暴持续数天的发展，应激生理和身体状况是如何调整的。这表明我们对鸟类在暴风雨期间的生理反应的理解存在严重差距。我们记录了拉普兰长刺（Calcarius lapponicus, 2012-2016）和白冠麻雀（zoonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, 2014-2016）连续五年遭遇北极暴风雪的情况。数据收集于无暴风雪日、暴风雪期间（长度为1至3 天）和暴风雪之后的第二天。具体目的是了解压力生理学（在基线和约束处理时的反应）和身体状况在暴风雨的多天内是如何变化的，以及这些反应在多年内是否一致。2014年，除雌性拉普兰长刺和雄性白冠麻雀外，暴风雪对两种动物的皮质酮基线浓度均无影响。除了2013年异常恶劣的环境外，拉普兰长刺犬在所有年份对暴风雪的反应中，都增加了压力引起的（克制处理）皮质酮。在这项为期三年的研究中，有一年，白冠麻雀的雄性和雌性在暴风雪期间表现出应激性皮质酮水平的显著增加。在一年中对拉普兰长刺的研究中，压力引起的皮质酮浓度在暴风雨的每一天都有所不同。多年来，脂肪和体重的变化并不一致，但在暴风雪的第一天，两种雄性动物的脂肪储存和体重都有明显的增加，而下降通常发生在第二天。我们的研究表明，恶劣天气事件通常会导致HPA轴活动和身体状况的快速增加，但这些变化可能取决于繁殖季节的生态和环境背景。
Stress physiology was analyzed in response to multi-day snowstorms in 5 years. Baseline corticosterone was unaffected by snowstorms in all but two instances. Stress-induced corticosterone were typically elevated during snowstorms. Stress physiology was significantly different across a multiday storm in only one year. Body condition tended to increase on the first day of the storm. Severe weather events are increasing worldwide because of climate change. To cope with severe weather events, vertebrates rely on the stress response which is activated by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis to adjust physiology and behavior. Previous studies have detailed changes in baseline concentrations of the stress hormone corticosterone during a single storm event, but little data exists on how stress physiology and body condition are adjusted as the storm progresses across multiple days. This represents a serious gap in our understanding of how birds respond physiologically over the duration of a storm. We documented arctic snowstorms that occurred over five consecutive years that were endured by Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus; 2012–2016) and in three consecutive years by white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii; 2014–2016). Data were collected on storm-free days, during snowstorms ranging in length from 1 to 3 days, and the day immediately following a snowstorm. The specific aims were to understand how stress physiology, measured at baseline and in response to restraint handling, and body condition changed over multiple days of the storm, and if these responses were consistent across years. Snowstorms did not affect baseline corticosterone concentrations for either species except for female Lapland longspurs and male white-crowned sparrows in 2014. Lapland longspurs, regardless of sex, increased stress-induced (restraint handling) corticosterone in response to snowstorms in all years but 2013, which was characterized by unusually harsh conditions. Both sexes of White-crowned sparrows showed a significant increase in the stress-induced levels of corticosterone during snowstorms in one of the three years of the study. Stress-induced corticosterone concentrations were only different across each day of the storm in one year of the study for Lapland longspurs. Changes in fat and body mass were not uniform across years, but measurable increases in fat stores and body mass were detected in males of both species during the first day of a snowstorm with declines typically occurring by the second day. Our study showed that severe weather events often caused rapid increases in HPA axis activity and body condition, but these profiles are likely dependent upon ecological and environmental context within the breeding season.
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