Structure and Mechanism of Plant DNA Methyltransferases.

Structure and Mechanism of Plant DNA Methyltransferases.
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DOI:
10.1007/978-3-031-11454-0_6
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
--
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中科院分区:
医学4区
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DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传标记,广泛存在于从真菌到动植物的真核生物中,在调节基因表达和转座子沉默中起着至关重要的作用。一旦通过从头DNA甲基转移酶建立甲基化标记,就需要特定的调节机制来维持在减数分裂和有丝分裂期间的染色质复制期间的甲基化状态。植物DNA甲基化存在于三种环境中:CG,CHG和CHH(H=A,T,C),它们由一组独特的DNA甲基转移酶建立和维持,并由植物特异性途径调节。植物中的DNA甲基化通常与其他表观遗传修饰相关,如非编码RNA和组蛋白修饰。本章重点介绍了植物DNA甲基转移酶的结构、功能和调控机制,以及它们与其他表观遗传途径的相互作用。
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark conserved in eukaryotes from fungi to animals and plants, where it plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and transposon silencing. Once the methylation mark is established by de novo DNA methyltransferases, specific regulatory mechanisms are required to maintain the methylation state during chromatin replication, both during meiosis and mitosis. Plant DNA methylation is found in three contexts; CG, CHG, and CHH (H=A, T, C), which are established and maintained by a unique set of DNA methyltransferases and are regulated by plant-specific pathways. DNA methylation in plants is often associated with other epigenetic modifications, such as noncoding RNA and histone modifications. This chapter focuses on the structure, function, and regulatory mechanism of plant DNA methyltransferases and their crosstalk with other epigenetic pathways.
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