How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making.
How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017327
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Dieckmann, Nathan F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reyna, Valerie F.;Nelson, Wendy L.;Han, Paul K.;Dieckmann, Nathan F.
我们回顾了关于健康算术、理解和使用数字信息的能力及其与认知、健康行为和医疗结果的关系的日益增长的文献。尽管来自商业和非商业来源的健康信息过多，但国内和国际调查显示，许多人缺乏基本的数字技能，这些技能对于维持自己的健康和做出明智的医疗决策至关重要。低计算能力扭曲了对筛查的风险和益处的看法，降低了服药依从性，阻碍了获得治疗的机会，损害了风险沟通(限制了最弱势群体的预防努力)，而且根据对结果进行的缺乏研究，似乎对医疗结果产生了不利影响。低计算能力还与更容易受到外部因素(即不改变客观数字信息的因素)的敏感性有关。也就是说，低计算能力增加了对情绪或信息呈现方式的影响(例如，频率与百分比)以及判断和决策中的偏见(例如，框架和比率偏差效应)的敏感性。这项研究的大部分并不是基于经验支持的算术或数学认知理论，这些理论对于设计有效降低风险和改善医疗决策的循证政策和干预措施至关重要。为了解决这一差距，我们概述了四种理论方法(心理物理、计算、标准双过程和模糊轨迹理论)，回顾了它们对计算的影响，并指出了未来研究的途径。
We review the growing literature on health numeracy, the ability to understand and use numerical information, and its relation to cognition, health behaviors, and medical outcomes. Despite the surfeit of health information from commercial and noncommercial sources, national and international surveys show that many people lack basic numerical skills that are essential to maintain their health and make informed medical decisions. Low numeracy distorts perceptions of risks and benefits of screening, reduces medication compliance, impedes access to treatments, impairs risk communication (limiting prevention efforts among the most vulnerable), and, based on the scant research conducted on outcomes, appears to adversely affect medical outcomes. Low numeracy is also associated with greater susceptibility to extraneous factors (i.e., factors that do not change the objective numerical information). That is, low numeracy increases susceptibility to effects of mood or how information is presented (e.g., as frequencies vs. percentages) and to biases in judgment and decision making (e.g., framing and ratio bias effects). Much of this research is not grounded in empirically supported theories of numeracy or mathematical cognition, which are crucial for designing evidence-based policies and interventions that are effective in reducing risk and improving medical decision making. To address this gap, we outline four theoretical approaches (psychophysical, computational, standard dual-process, and fuzzy trace theory), review their implications for numeracy, and point to avenues for future research.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Baker, DW;Gazmararian, JA;Peel, J
通讯作者：
Peel, J
DOI：
10.1093/jnci/87.10.720
发表时间：
1995-05-17
期刊：
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
影响因子：
--
作者：
BLACK, WC;NEASE, RF;TOSTESON, ANA
通讯作者：
TOSTESON, ANA
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Bass, PF;Wilson, JF;Barnett, DR
通讯作者：
Barnett, DR
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Alonso, D;Fernández-Berrocal, P
通讯作者：
Fernández-Berrocal, P
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Baker, DW;Parker, RM;Clark, WS
通讯作者：
Clark, WS