More than a bystander: the contributions of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects in motor neuron diseases.

More than a bystander: the contributions of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects in motor neuron diseases.
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DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2013.00356
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发表时间:
2013-12-18
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Kothary R
Kothary R
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boyer JG;Ferrier A;Kothary R

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脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)和脊髓延髓肌萎缩症(SBMA)是以运动神经元变性为特征的破坏性疾病。虽然这些疾病的分子基础的原因不同,最近的研究结果强调了内在骨骼肌缺陷运动神经元疾病的贡献。细胞培养和动物模型的使用已经导致了重要的发现,即在运动神经元疾病中,肌肉缺陷发生在运动神经元变性之前并且独立于运动神经元变性。例如,在SMA中,SMA致病基因的肌肉特异性要求已经通过SMA模型中的一系列遗传拯救实验证明。表达肌肉特异性突变SOD 1基因的条件性ALS小鼠模型在没有运动神经元病理的情况下发生萎缩和肌肉变性。通过以骨骼肌特异性方式过度表达IGF-1来治疗SBMA小鼠,可减轻疾病严重程度并改善运动神经元病理学。在本综述中,我们深入描述了肌肉内在缺陷,并讨论了它们如何影响这些疾病中的肌肉功能。此外,我们还讨论了用于治疗SMA、ALS和SBMA动物模型的肌肉特异性治疗策略。内在骨骼肌缺陷的研究对于理解这些疾病的病理生理学至关重要,并将为运动神经元疾病的治疗开辟新的治疗选择。
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) are devastating diseases characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Although the molecular causes underlying these diseases differ, recent findings have highlighted the contribution of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects in motor neuron diseases. The use of cell culture and animal models has led to the important finding that muscle defects occur prior to and independently of motor neuron degeneration in motor neuron diseases. In SMA for instance, the muscle specific requirements of the SMA disease-causing gene have been demonstrated by a series of genetic rescue experiments in SMA models. Conditional ALS mouse models expressing a muscle specific mutant SOD1 gene develop atrophy and muscle degeneration in the absence of motor neuron pathology. Treating SBMA mice by over-expressing IGF-1 in a skeletal muscle-specific manner attenuates disease severity and improves motor neuron pathology. In the present review, we provide an in depth description of muscle intrinsic defects, and discuss how they impact muscle function in these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss muscle-specific therapeutic strategies used to treat animal models of SMA, ALS, and SBMA. The study of intrinsic skeletal muscle defects is crucial for the understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases and will open new therapeutic options for the treatment of motor neuron diseases.
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