Epithelium—The Primary Building Block for Metazoan Complexity1
Epithelium—The Primary Building Block for Metazoan Complexity1
复制标题
上皮——后生动物复杂性的主要组成部分1
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
S. Tyler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Tyler
摘要最简单地说，后生动物小体的复杂性是通过两种组织类型的不同组合而产生的：上皮组织和间充质组织。通过相互诱导和相互作用，这些组织产生了身体的所有器官。在这两种类型中，上皮必须被认为是Eumetazoa中的默认类型，因为它首先出现在胚胎发育中，而且间质是通过关闭导致上皮细胞分化和维持不足的机制而产生的。在少数用分子技术研究上皮细胞的模型后生动物(主要是果蝇、线虫、小鼠)中，上皮细胞分化的分子机制显示出显著的相似性。根据这些研究和对下层后生动物上皮细胞形态的比较，我提出了茎后生动物中上皮细胞是如何产生的。上皮分化的步骤包括1)通过限制在质膜顶端或基侧区域的分子标记来建立细胞的极性；2)通过将细胞黏附分子如钙粘附素定位到侧膜而将细胞聚集成片状；3)通过将钙粘附素定位到离散的带上而形成粘附带；4)某些跨膜蛋白(主要是在隔膜连接中)与细胞之间的连接产生门，这些门在生理上隔离由细胞分隔的隔室；以及5)合成基膜并使受体(整合素)适应其成分。尽管在不同的上皮中细胞连接的形态差异明显，但这些连接的潜在分子标记可能普遍存在于所有Eumetazoan上皮中。
Abstract In simplest terms, the complexity of the metazoan body arises through various combinations of but two tissue types: epithelium and mesenchyme. Through mutual inductions and interactions, these tissues produce all of the organs of the body. Of the two, epithelium must be considered the default type in the Eumetazoa because it arises first in embryonic development and because mesenchyme arises from it by a switching off of the mechanisms that underly differentiation and maintenance of epithelial cells. In the few model metazoans whose epithelia have been studied by molecular techniques (largely Drosophila, Caenorhabditis, mouse), the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation of epithelia show remarkable similarity. Extrapolating from these studies and from comparisons of the morphology of epithelia in lower metazoans, I propose how epithelia arose in the stem metazoan. Steps in epithelial differentiation include 1) establishment of cell polarity by molecular markers confined to either apical or basolateral domains in the plasma membrane; 2) aggregation of cells into sheets by localization of cell-adhesion molecules like cadherin to the lateral membrane; 3) formation of a zonula adherens junction from the cadherins by their localization to a discrete belt; 4) cell-to-cell linking of certain transmembrane proteins (primitively in the septate junction) to produce gates that physiologically isolate compartments delimited by the cells; and 5) synthesis of a basal lamina and adaptation of receptors (integrins) to its components. Despite morphological differences in the variety of cell junctions evident in various epithelia, the underlying molecular markers of these junctions are probably universally present in all eumetazoan epithelia.
DOI：
10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60153-9
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
International review of cytology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrew P. Kowalczyk;E. Bornslaeger;S. M. Norvell;H. L. Palka;Kathleen J. Green
通讯作者：
Andrew P. Kowalczyk;E. Bornslaeger;S. M. Norvell;H. L. Palka;Kathleen J. Green
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Leung, B;Hermann, GJ;Priess, JR
通讯作者：
Priess, JR