Relative roles of local and reflex components in cutaneous vasoconstriction during skin cooling in humans.
Relative roles of local and reflex components in cutaneous vasoconstriction during skin cooling in humans.
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人体皮肤冷却过程中局部和反射成分在皮肤血管收缩中的相对作用。
DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.01265.2005
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson,JohnM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alvarez,GuyE;Zhao,Kun;Kosiba,WojciechA;Johnson,JohnM
皮肤血流量（SkBF）的减少部分是由于全身冷却（WBC）的反射性血管收缩反应，部分是局部冷却（LC）的直接影响。虽然这些已经被独立地研究过，但是当它们共同作用时，就像在环境冷却中发生的那样，人们对它们的作用知之甚少。我们检验了血管收缩剂对LC和WBC联合作用的反应是可加性的假设，即等于它们各自独立作用的总和。我们进一步假设LC会减弱对白细胞的反射性血管收缩反应。我们研究了16名年轻（30.5±2岁）健康志愿者（7名女性，9名男性）。LC和WBC分别由金属Peltier冷却器-加热器探头支架和水灌注服完成。采用激光多普勒血流仪（LDF）监测前臂SkBF。皮肤血管传导（CVC）以LDF/血压计算。受试者接受了15分钟的LC单独或15分钟的WBC，同时或不同时进行LC，或在相同水平（34-31°C）或作为等效刺激（34-28°C LC; 34-31°C WBC）。WBC和LC联合治疗的CVC下降幅度（P< 0.05）大于任何一种治疗（57.0±5%联合vs. 39.2±6% WBC; 34.4±4% LC），但仅显著高于相同水平冷却的LC单独治疗（51.3±8%联合vs. 29.5±4% LC）。WBC和LC的独立效应之和大于它们的联合效应（74.9±4比51.3±8%相等，73.6±7比57.0±5%相等，P< 0.05）。与对照组相比，LC位点的CVC与WBC的下降减少（17.6±2比42.4±8%；P< 0.05）。因此，LC对降低SkBF有重要作用，但也抑制反射反应，导致这两个成分的非加性作用。
The reduction in skin blood flow (SkBF) with cold exposure is partly due to the reflex vasoconstrictor response from whole body cooling (WBC) and partly to the direct effects of local cooling (LC). Although these have been examined independently, little is known regarding their roles when acting together, as occurs in environmental cooling. We tested the hypothesis that the vasoconstrictor response to combined LC and WBC would be additive, i.e., would equal the sum of their independent effects. We further hypothesized that LC would attenuate the reflex vasoconstrictor response to WBC. We studied 16 (7 women, 9 men) young (30.5 ± 2 yr) healthy volunteers. LC and WBC were accomplished with metal Peltier cooler-heater probe holders and water-perfused suits, respectively. Forearm SkBF was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as LDF/blood pressure. Subjects underwent 15 min of LC alone or 15 min of WBC with and without simultaneous LC, either at equal levels (34–31°C) or as equipotent stimuli (34–28°C LC; 34–31°C WBC). The fall in CVC with combined WBC and LC was greater (P< 0.05) than for either alone (57.0 ± 5% combined vs. 39.2 ± 6% WBC; 34.4 ± 4% LC) with equipotent cooling, but it was only significantly greater than for LC alone with equal levels of cooling (51.3 ± 8% combined vs. 29.5 ± 4% LC). The sum of the independent effects of WBC and LC was greater than their combined effects (74.9 ± 4 vs. 51.3 ± 8% equal and 73.6 ± 7 vs. 57.0 ± 5% equipotent;P< 0.05). The fall in CVC with WBC at LC sites was reduced compared with control sites (17.6 ± 2 vs. 42.4 ± 8%;P< 0.05). Hence, LC contributes importantly to the reduction in SkBF with body cooling, but also suppresses the reflex response, resulting in a nonadditive effect of these two components.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
General Pharmacology
影响因子：
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作者：
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2000-04-01
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Flavahan, NA
DOI：
10.1152/ajplung.00014.2004
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神经肽 Y 拮抗作用可减少人类反射性皮肤血管收缩。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpheart.00061.2004
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology
影响因子：
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作者：
Stephens,DanP;Saad,AdhamR;Bennett,LeeAnnT;Kosiba,WojciechA;Johnson,JohnM
通讯作者：
Johnson,JohnM