Temporal transition of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in 3108 counties of the United States: Three phases from January to December 2020.
Temporal transition of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in 3108 counties of the United States: Three phases from January to December 2020.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148167
复制
发表时间：
2021-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bell ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim H;Zanobetti A;Bell ML
Early studies reported higher risk of COVID-19 outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities in the early phase of the pandemic in the United States. While the initial surge of COVID-19 was concentrated in some areas, COVID-19 became pervasive across the entire continent with high impacts in the northern region and central region in the end of 2020. With this geographical transition, we aim to investigate patterns of these racial/ethnic disparities over time. We assessed associations of percentage of race/ethnic minorities and racial segregation indexes with COVID-19 case and mortality rates in 3108 counties of the continental United States during the pandemic's early phase, second, and third phase (January 21–June 15, June 16–August 31, and September 1–December 18, 2020, respectively). We adjusted for population density, age, and sex. We tested whether time-varying associations were consistent across climate regions and explained by socioeconomic variables. In the early phase, counties with higher percentage of Black/African Americans and higher Black-White segregation had higher COVID-19 case and mortality rates. These associations decreased over time and reversed in the third phase. Associations between Hispanic and COVID-19 outcomes were positive in all periods, but more so early in the pandemic. Higher COVID-19 case rates for counties with higher non-Hispanic White population emerged in the third phase. These trends were similar across climate regions, and socioeconomic variables did not explain these trends. In summary, county-level racial/ethnic disparities of COVID-19 are not stationary but change over the course of the pandemic, suggesting complex social, cultural, and political influences.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e1
发表时间：
2020-10-23
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gold JAW;Rossen LM;Ahmad FB;Sutton P;Li Z;Salvatore PP;Coyle JP;DeCuir J;Baack BN;Durant TM;Dominguez KL;Henley SJ;Annor FB;Fuld J;Dee DL;Bhattarai A;Jackson BR
通讯作者：
Jackson BR
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Muñoz-Price LS;Nattinger AB;Rivera F;Hanson R;Gmehlin CG;Perez A;Singh S;Buchan BW;Ledeboer NA;Pezzin LE
通讯作者：
Pezzin LE
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17124322
发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Holmes, Laurens, Jr.;Enwere, Michael;Dabney, Kirk W.
通讯作者：
Dabney, Kirk W.
DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000001314
发表时间：
2021-03-01
期刊：
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Labgold K;Hamid S;Shah S;Gandhi NR;Chamberlain A;Khan F;Khan S;Smith S;Williams S;Lash TL;Collin LJ
通讯作者：
Collin LJ
DOI：
10.1097/phh.0000000000001263
发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chen, Jarvis T.;Krieger, Nancy
通讯作者：
Krieger, Nancy