Genetics and alcoholism.

Genetics and alcoholism.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.86
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发表时间:
2013-08
期刊:
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
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酒精被广泛消费,但过度饮酒会造成严重的身体、心理和社会问题,并导致许多疾病。酒精中毒(酒精依赖、酒精使用障碍)是一种过度饮酒导致严重问题的不适应模式。大量证据表明,酒精中毒是一种复杂的遗传病,有大量影响风险的基因变异。其中一些基因已经被确认,包括两个酒精代谢基因ADH1B和ALDH2,这两个基因对酒精中毒风险的影响是已知最强的。研究揭示了其他变异会影响酒精中毒风险或相关特征的基因,包括GABRA2、CHRM2、KCNJ6和AUTS2。随着收集更大的样本和分析更多的变异,将会发现影响风险的许多基因和途径的更全面的图景。
Alcohol is widely consumed, but excessive use creates serious physical, psychological and social problems and contributes to many diseases. Alcoholism (alcohol dependence, alcohol use disorders) is a maladaptive pattern of excessive drinking leading to serious problems. Abundant evidence indicates that alcoholism is a complex genetic disease, with variations in a large number of genes affecting risk. Some of these genes have been identified, including two genes of alcohol metabolism, ADH1B and ALDH2, that have the strongest known affects on risk for alcoholism. Studies are revealing other genes in which variants impact risk for alcoholism or related traits, including GABRA2, CHRM2, KCNJ6, and AUTS2. As larger samples are assembled and more variants analyzed, a much fuller picture of the many genes and pathways that impact risk will be discovered.
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.171
发表时间: 2009-04
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