Genome evolution and the emergence of fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus.
Genome evolution and the emergence of fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus.
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基因组进化和粘膜粘球体中果身体发育的出现。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001329
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发表时间：
2007-12-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shimkets LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldman B;Bhat S;Shimkets LJ
侧向基因转移(LGT)被认为可以促进细菌的物种形成，尽管还没有提出明确的例子。我们研究了定义系统发育顺序的特征所必需的基因的进化史，即粘球菌子实体的发育。对78个对黄色粘球菌发育至关重要的基因进行了LGT检测。大约73%的基因表现出与16S rDNA基因相似的系统发育，并且与其他黄曲霉基因的密码子偏向一致，表明垂直传播。大约22%的人有改变的密码子偏向和/或提示LGT的系统发育。剩下的5%是独一无二的。编码信号产生和感觉转导的基因更有可能垂直传播，有明显的复制和分化成多基因家族的例子。编码代谢酶的基因通常是由LGT获得的。粘细菌表现出有氧呼吸，与大多数δ变形杆菌不同。黄曲霉含有独特的电子传递途径，由琥珀酸脱氢酶基因的LGT和三个细胞色素氧化酶复合体形成。子实体的发育依赖于LGT获得的基因，特别是那些参与多糖生产的基因。我们认为，有氧生长通过允许粘细菌获得与δ变形杆菌厌氧成员不同的基因库，促进了发展所必需的创新。栖息地的破坏和物种多样性的丧失可能会限制未来基因库的大小，从而限制新细菌群体的进化。
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is thought to promote speciation in bacteria, though well-defined examples have not been put forward. We examined the evolutionary history of the genes essential for a trait that defines a phylogenetic order, namely fruiting body development of the Myxococcales. Seventy-eight genes that are essential for Myxococcus xanthus development were examined for LGT. About 73% of the genes exhibit a phylogeny similar to that of the 16S rDNA gene and a codon bias consistent with other M. xanthus genes suggesting vertical transmission. About 22% have an altered codon bias and/or phylogeny suggestive of LGT. The remaining 5% are unique. Genes encoding signal production and sensory transduction were more likely to be transmitted vertically with clear examples of duplication and divergence into multigene families. Genes encoding metabolic enzymes were frequently acquired by LGT. Myxobacteria exhibit aerobic respiration unlike most of the δ Proteobacteria. M. xanthus contains a unique electron transport pathway shaped by LGT of genes for succinate dehydrogenase and three cytochrome oxidase complexes. Fruiting body development depends on genes acquired by LGT, particularly those involved in polysaccharide production. We suggest that aerobic growth fostered innovation necessary for development by allowing myxobacteria access to a different gene pool from anaerobic members of the δ Proteobacteria. Habitat destruction and loss of species diversity could restrict the evolution of new bacterial groups by limiting the size of the prospective gene pool.
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