Social anxiety is associated with heart rate but not gaze behavior in a real social interaction.
Social anxiety is associated with heart rate but not gaze behavior in a real social interaction.
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在真实的社交互动中，社交焦虑与心率相关，但与凝视行为无关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101600
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Gamer M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rösler L;Göhring S;Strunz M;Gamer M
我们目前对社交焦虑的大部分理解都依赖于使用高度限制的实验室实验。最新的技术发展现在允许在真实的社会互动期间调查眼球运动和生理测量。考虑到大量的相互矛盾的研究结果，在社交焦虑的凝视行为，本研究旨在阐明在一个自然的设置凝视模式的调制。我们将71名具有不同社交焦虑症状的参与者引入候诊室，同时使用移动的技术记录心率、皮肤电活动和眼球运动。我们观察到，在实验的初始等待阶段，同盟者的头部固定较少。当同谋者打电话并随后开始实际交谈时，这些头部固定会增加。与社交焦虑的凝视回避模型相反，我们没有观察到社交焦虑和视觉注意力之间的任何相关性，但在高社交焦虑的参与者中心率升高。虽然社交焦虑在目前的样本中变化很大，并在三分之一的参与者中达到临床相关水平，但没有正式的临床诊断。目前的研究结果表明，目光回避可能只发生在特定的情况下或非常高的社交焦虑水平。对目光接触的恐惧有时可能代表了一种主观体验，而不是客观可测量的障碍特征。在整个实验过程中观察到的心率升高表明，生理上的过度活跃可能构成了社交焦虑的一个主要特征。社交焦虑的个体在社交互动中不会表现出改变的凝视。在这种自然主义的环境中，社交焦虑与心率升高有关。凝视减少可能仅限于特别危险的情况。生理性活动过度可能是这种疾病的一个更普遍的特征。
Much of our current understanding of social anxiety rests on the use of highly restricted laboratory experiments. Latest technological developments now allow the investigation of eye movements and physiological measures during real social interactions. Considering the wealth of conflicting findings on gaze behavior in social anxiety, the current study aimed at elucidating the modulation of gaze patterns in a naturalistic setting. We introduced 71 participants with differing social anxiety symptoms to a waiting room situation while recording heart rate, electrodermal activity and eye movements using mobile technology. We observed fewer fixations on the head of the confederate in the initial waiting phase of the experiment. These head fixations increased when the confederate was involved in a phone call and subsequently initiated an actual conversation. Contrary to gaze-avoidance models of social anxiety, we did not observe any correlations between social anxiety and visual attention but an elevated heart rate in participants with high social anxiety. Although social anxiety varied considerably in the current sample and reached clinically relevant levels in one third of participants, formal clinical diagnoses were not available. The current findings suggest that gaze avoidance might only occur in specific situations or very high levels of social anxiety. Fear of eye contact could at times represent a subjectively experienced rather than an objectively measurable feature of the disorder. The observation of elevated heart rate throughout the entire experiment indicates that physiological hyperactivity might constitute a cardinal feature of social anxiety. Socially anxious individuals do not show altered gaze during a social interaction. Social anxiety is associated with elevated heart rate in this naturalistic setting. Gaze reductions might be restricted to particularly threatening situations. Physiological hyperactivity could constitute a more general feature of the disorder.
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影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Carleton, R. Nicholas;McCreary, Donald R.;Asmundson, Gordon J. G.
通讯作者：
Asmundson, Gordon J. G.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Birmingham, Elina;Bischof, Walter F.;Kingstone, Alan
通讯作者：
Kingstone, Alan
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gilboa-Schechtman, E;Foa, EB;Amir, N
通讯作者：
Amir, N
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Friesen, CK;Kingstone, A
通讯作者：
Kingstone, A
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Bakeman, R
通讯作者：
Bakeman, R