A mixed methods study to evaluate participatory mapping for rural water safety planning in western Kenya.
A mixed methods study to evaluate participatory mapping for rural water safety planning in western Kenya.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0255286
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wright J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okotto-Okotto J;Yu W;Kwoba E;Thumbi SM;Okotto LG;Wanza P;Trajano Gomes da Silva D;Wright J
水安全规划是通过全面的风险评估和从集水区到用户的供水管理来确保安全饮用水的一种方法。然而，它在农村地区的接受率仍然很低。参与性测绘是地方社区为资源管理创建地图的过程，但尚未用于农村水安全规划。在这项混合方法研究中，为了评估参与性测绘成果在农村水安全规划中的有效性，并评估社区对水安全的理解，肯尼亚锡亚县的140名社区成员参加了十次村级参与性测绘会议。他们绘制了饮用水水源的地图，对其安全性进行了排名，并绘制了潜在的污染危险图。调查结果与对234个家庭的问卷调查进行了三角比较，问卷调查是平行进行的。与国际监测的水源类型排名不同，讲习班参与者将雨水的安全性排在管道水之上，并确定了经常用于正式监测的水源类型中没有明确记录的水源类型，如破裂的管道。参与性测绘还突出了牲畜放牧区和家庭水源之间的重叠。这些调查结果得到了住户调查和随后的参与性会议的证实。然而，与家庭调查数据的比较表明，参与性测绘结果遗漏了一些水源和景观规模的污染危险，如露天排泄区或洪水易发地区。在后续访问中，参与者团体将雨水收集系统的补救列为解决危险的最可接受的干预措施。我们的结论是，参与性测绘可以通过捕捉非正式管理的水源使用情况和促进社区参与来补充农村水安全规划的其他既定方法。
Water safety planning is an approach to ensure safe drinking-water access through comprehensive risk assessment and water supply management from catchment to consumer. However, its uptake remains low in rural areas. Participatory mapping, the process of map creation for resource management by local communities, has yet to be used for rural water safety planning. In this mixed methods study, to evaluate the validity of participatory mapping outputs for rural water safety planning and assess community understanding of water safety, 140 community members in Siaya County, Kenya, attended ten village-level participatory mapping sessions. They mapped drinking-water sources, ranked their safety and mapped potential contamination hazards. Findings were triangulated against a questionnaire survey of 234 households, conducted in parallel. In contrast to source type ranking for international monitoring, workshop participants ranked rainwater’s safety above piped water and identified source types such as broken pipes not explicitly recorded in water source typologies often used for formal monitoring. Participatory mapping also highlighted the overlap between livestock grazing areas and household water sources. These findings were corroborated by the household survey and subsequent participatory meetings. However, comparison with household survey data suggested participatory mapping outputs omitted some water sources and landscape-scale contamination hazards, such as open defecation areas or flood-prone areas. In follow-up visits, participant groups ranked remediation of rainwater harvesting systems as the most acceptable intervention to address hazards. We conclude that participatory mapping can complement other established approaches to rural water safety planning by capturing informally managed source use and facilitating community engagement.
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