Complexities and costs of floodplain buyout implementation
Complexities and costs of floodplain buyout implementation
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洪泛区买断实施的复杂性和成本
DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106128
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Salvesen, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curran-Groome, William;Hino, Miyuki;BenDor, Todd K.;Salvesen, David
公共收购洪泛区财产，或“买断”，即政府从愿意出售者手中购买有洪水风险的财产，并将其转换为开放空间，是一种广泛使用的降低风险的战略。自1990年以来，美国联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）已为4万多处房产提供了资金。然而，很少有人知道买断实施的成本，即使联邦资金要求授权由地方，州和联邦政府工作人员进行一系列复杂的活动。这种对买断活动费用的不了解阻碍了循证政策建议的制定。为了解决这一差距，我们调查了地方和州政府官员和顾问谁曾在洪泛区收购项目。我们的调查结果提供了美国收购项目的第一个系统的活动级财务文件。地方和州政府受访者报告的每处房产活动成本中位数分别为14，428美元和8，161美元（占房产购买成本的9.64%和6.95%）。受访者还报告说，作为每个项目的一部分而开展的活动存在很大差异;社区参与战略特别多样化，这表明，由于这些活动的资金、时间或技术能力不足，一些家庭可能没有充分了解情况。买断项目的各种复杂结构以及随之而来的活动成本，对地方政府的执行构成了障碍。我们的研究结果表明：（a）可能需要为改善买断参与者经验的关键活动提供更多的支持和灵活性;和（B）减少其他活动费用可能产生大量节余，而这些节余又可用于提高买断项目的质量和扩大其范围。
Public acquisitions of floodplain properties, or “buyouts,” whereby governments purchase properties at risk of flooding from willing sellers and convert them to open space, are a widely used strategy for reducing risk. Since 1990, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has provided funding for more than 40,000 properties. Yet, little is known about the costs of buyout implementation, even though federal funding requirements mandate a complex set of activities undertaken by local, state, and federal government staff. This lack of understanding of buyout activity costs hinders development of evidence-based policy recommendations. To address this gap, we surveyed local and state government officials and consultants who have worked on floodplain buyout projects. Our survey results provide the first systematic, activity-level financial documentation of buyout projects in the U.S. Local and state government respondents reported median per-property activity costs of $14,428 and $8,161 (or 9.64% and 6.95% of property purchase costs), respectively. Respondents also reported significant variation in the activities undertaken as part of each project; community engagement strategies were particularly diverse, suggesting some households may not be adequately informed as a result of insufficient funding, time, or technical capacity for these activities. The varied and complex structures of buyout projects, as well as the attendant activity costs, pose barriers to implementation for local governments. Our results suggest both that: a) additional support and flexibility may be needed for critical activities that improve the experience of buyout participants; and b) reducing other activity costs may produce significant savings, which in turn could be used to improve the quality and expand the scope of buyout projects.
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