Governing the gaps in water governance and land-use planning in a megacity: The example of hydrological risk in Mexico City
Governing the gaps in water governance and land-use planning in a megacity: The example of hydrological risk in Mexico City
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治理特大城市水治理和土地利用规划方面的差距：墨西哥城水文风险的例子
DOI：
10.1016/j.cities.2018.06.009
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Hernández Aguilar, Bertha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lerner, Amy M.;Eakin, Hallie C.;Tellman, Elizabeth;Bausch, Julia Chrissie;Hernández Aguilar, Bertha
特大城市是包含居民、机构和自然资源管理之间复杂互动的社会生态系统。气候变化加剧了这些相互作用，因为水等资源因干旱和洪水而变得稀缺或危险。为了制定改善可持续性的途径，决策者必须看到造成脆弱条件和结果的不同因素。然而，决策者要有效地管理脆弱性，他们需要确定城市社会经济地位的显著边界，以及在脆弱性动态中发挥关键作用的相关生物物理、技术和社会制度属性。在这里，我们探讨了墨西哥城的水文风险问题，在这里，洪水和水资源短缺的脆弱性在时间和空间上是相互关联的，然而，参与脆弱性生产和管理的正式和非正式机构和行动者被分为两个离散的问题领域：土地利用规划和水资源管理。我们分析了对在这两个领域工作的城市官员的采访，以了解他们对包括洪水和水资源短缺在内的社会水文风险动态的不同观点。我们发现，土地利用规划和水资源管理中的治理差距导致了水文社会风险，其根源在于未能解决加剧洪水和水资源短缺脆弱性的非正式制度。这两个部门的任务相互重叠，令人困惑，而社会水文风险被外部化到非正式领域，使其无法治理。需要承认并纳入非正式行为的综合水管理方法，以减少对缺水和洪水的脆弱性。
Megacities are socio-ecological systems (SES) that encompass complex interactions between residents, institutions, and natural resource management. These interactions are exacerbated by climate change as resources such as water become scarce or hazardous through drought and flooding. In order to develop pathways for improved sustainability, the disparate factors that create vulnerable conditions and outcomes must be visible to decision-makers. Nevertheless, for such decision-makers to manage vulnerability effectively, they need to define the salient boundaries of the urban SES, and the relevant biophysical, technological, and socio-institutional attributes that play critical roles in vulnerability dynamics. Here we explore the problem of hydrological risk in Mexico City, where vulnerabilities to flooding and water scarcity are interconnected temporally and spatially, yet the formal and informal institutions and actors involved in the production and management of vulnerability are divided into two discrete problem domains: land-use planning and water resource management. We analyze interviews with city officials working in both domains to understand their different perspectives on the dynamics of socio-hydrological risk, including flooding and water scarcity. We find governance gaps within land-use planning and water management that lead to hydro-social risk, stemming from a failure to address informal institutions that exacerbate vulnerability to flooding and water scarcity. Mandates in both sectors are overlapping and confusing, while socio-hydrological risk is externalized to the informal domain, making it ungoverned. Integrated water management approaches that recognize and incorporate informality are needed to reduce vulnerability to water scarcity and flooding.
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