Syncytins expressed in human placental trophoblast.
Syncytins expressed in human placental trophoblast.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.006
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发表时间：
2021-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Zhou J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts RM;Ezashi T;Schulz LC;Sugimoto J;Schust DJ;Khan T;Zhou J
人类胎盘中存在三种类型的合体滋养层：与植入孕体相关的侵袭型、永久胎盘的非侵袭性绒毛型和胎盘床巨细胞。合胞素是由内源性逆转录病毒（ERV）的修饰的env基因编码的，但它们如何在功能上对胎盘合胞体结构做出贡献尚不清楚。编码合胞素家族成员的至少8个基因（ERVW 1、ERVFRD-1、ERVV-1、ERVV-2、ERVH 48 -1、ERVMER 34 -1、ERV 3 -1和ERVK 13 -1）在人滋养层中表达，大多数从着床到足月。ERVW 1（合胞素1）和ERVFRD-1（合胞素2）被认为是主要的融合子，但是，当在妊娠早期胎盘中通过单细胞RNAseq分析其基因的表达时，它们的转录物具有明显的模式，并且也分别不同于它们提出的结合伴侣SLC 1A 5和MFSD 2A的转录物。ERVRH 48 -1（suppressyn或SUPYN）和ERVMER 34 -1可能是融合的负调节因子，主要在细胞滋养层中共表达。剩下的基因及其产物很少被研究。合胞素的表达是几乎所有真兽目哺乳动物胎盘发育的一个特征，至少有一种有袋类动物和胎生蜥蜴缺乏滋养层细胞谱系。它们的表达已被推断为小鼠妊娠成功所必需。所有主要的人类ERV基因都是在独立的逆转录病毒插入事件之后出现的，其中没有一个可以追溯到真兽目和后兽目（有袋动物）的分歧。虽然合胞素可能对胎盘发育至关重要，但它们似乎不太可能帮助协调真兽目和有袋目的分化。
Three versions of syncytiotrophoblast exist in the human placenta: an invasive type associated with the implanting conceptus, non-invasive villous type of definitive placenta, and placental bed giant cells. Syncytins are encoded by modified env genes of endogenous retroviruses (ERV), but how they contribute functionally to placental syncytial structures is unclear. A minimum of eight genes (ERVW1, ERVFRD-1, ERVV-1, ERVV-2, ERVH48–1, ERVMER34–1, ERV3–1, & ERVK13–1) encoding syncytin family members are expressed in human trophoblast, the majority from implantation to term. ERVW1 (Syncytin 1) and ERVFRD-1 (Syncytin 2) are considered the major fusogens, but, when the expression of their genes is analyzed by single cell RNAseq in first trimester placenta, their transcripts are distinctly patterned and also differ from those of their proposed binding partners, SLC1A5 and MFSD2A, respectively. ERVRH48–1 (suppressyn or SUPYN) and ERVMER34–1 are probable negative regulators of fusion and co-expressed, primarily in cytotrophoblast. The remaining genes and their products have been little studied. Syncytin expression is a feature of placental development in almost all eutherian mammals studied, in at least one marsupial, and in viviparous lizards, which lack the trophoblast lineage. Their expression has been inferred to be essential for pregnancy success in the mouse. All the main human ERV genes arose following independent retroviral insertion events, none of which trace back to the divergence of eutherians and metatherians (marsupials). While syncytins may be crucial for placental development, it seems unlikely that they helped orchestrate the divergence of eutherians and marsupials.
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作者：
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