The Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be Tailored Using Multiple Injection Locations
The Climate Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Can Be Tailored Using Multiple Injection Locations
复制标题
可以使用多个注入位置来定制对平流层气溶胶地球工程的气候响应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Vitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. MacMartin;B. Kravitz;S. Tilmes;J. Richter;M. Mills;J. Lamarque;J. Tribbia;F. Vitt
通过在不同纬度注入不同浓度的SO2，可以部分控制气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的空间分布。这导致了影响地球工程与平流层气溶胶的气候反应的能力，提供了设计的潜力。我们使用完全耦合的全大气化学气候模式CESM 1（WACCM）的模拟来证明，通过适当地组合在四个不同位置（30°S，15°S，15°N和30°N）的注入，可以实现AOD的三个空间自由度：近似空间均匀的AOD分布，北方和南方半球之间AOD的相对差异，以及高纬度与低纬度的相对气溶胶光学厚度。对于产生1-2°C冷却的强迫水平，AOD和地面温度响应在该模式中是足够线性的，因此可以从单纬度注入模拟中估计不同纬度对不同注入组合的响应;与气溶胶增长和平流层环流变化相关的非线性在更高的强迫水平下将变得越来越重要。预计在多个地点优化注入，以改善补偿CO2强迫的气候变化相对于只使用赤道气溶胶注入（相对于高纬度地区过冷热带地区）的情况。例如，除了全球平均温度之外，额外的自由度还可以用于平衡半球间温度梯度和赤道到极点温度梯度。需要进一步的研究来更好地量化这些策略对长期温度，降水和其他气候参数变化的影响。
By injecting different amounts of SO2 at multiple different latitudes, the spatial pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) can be partially controlled. This leads to the ability to influence the climate response to geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols, providing the potential for design. We use simulations from the fully coupled whole‐atmosphere chemistry climate model CESM1(WACCM) to demonstrate that by appropriately combining injection at just four different locations, 30°S, 15°S, 15°N, and 30°N, then three spatial degrees of freedom of AOD can be achieved: an approximately spatially uniform AOD distribution, the relative difference in AOD between Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the relative AOD in high versus low latitudes. For forcing levels that yield 1–2°C cooling, the AOD and surface temperature response are sufficiently linear in this model so that the response to different combinations of injection at different latitudes can be estimated from single‐latitude injection simulations; nonlinearities associated with both aerosol growth and changes to stratospheric circulation will be increasingly important at higher forcing levels. Optimized injection at multiple locations is predicted to improve compensation of CO2‐forced climate change relative to a case using only equatorial aerosol injection (which overcools the tropics relative to high latitudes). The additional degrees of freedom can be used, for example, to balance the interhemispheric temperature gradient and the equator to pole temperature gradient in addition to the global mean temperature. Further research is needed to better quantify the impacts of these strategies on changes to long‐term temperature, precipitation, and other climate parameters.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck
通讯作者：
U. Niemeier;C. Timmreck
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Haywood, Jim M.;Jones, Andy;Stephenson, David
通讯作者：
Stephenson, David
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kravitz, Ben;Caldeira, Ken;Yoon, Jin-Ho
通讯作者：
Yoon, Jin-Ho