A physical theory of movement in small animals

A physical theory of movement in small animals
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小动物运动的物理理论

DOI:
10.1101/2020.08.25.266163
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Loveless J
Loveless J
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Loveless J

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动物进化出了各种各样的运动策略。这使它们能够寻找资源、适宜的栖息地或交配对象,以及躲避捕食者。然而,尽管存在这种多样性,所有动物的运动从根本上来说都是一种物理行为,因此必须受物理定律的支配。确定这些规律的形式,必须从神经系统、肌肉组织、身体力学和环境的相互作用中产生[1,2],是现代生物学中的一个基本和鼓舞人心的问题,并在机器人等工程领域得到应用[4,5]。最近的研究利用了低成本、高细节的成像技术和先进的数据分析技术来提供动物行为的细粒度特征。例如,对线虫C. elegans的研究表明,存在一种低维的姿势基础,可以用来描述动物的形状随时间的变化b[6],类似的基础也被发现用于其他46种细长身体的动物,包括斑马鱼[7]、蛇[8]和黑腹果蝇幼虫[9]。随后的工作,特别是在线虫中,利用这种低维的姿势基础,使用数据驱动的方法对广泛的行为进行了理论研究[6,10 - 13]。然而,缺乏原则性的,可解释的动物行为理论,并且仍然不清楚为什么动物行为通常看起来是低维的,或者是什么因素决定了51低维姿势模式空间中的动态和统计。52
Animals have evolved a wide variety of strategies for locomotion. This allows them to search for resources, 37 adequate habitats, or mating partners, as well as escape predators. Yet, despite this diversity, all animal 38 movement is fundamentally a physical act, and must therefore be governed by physical laws. Determining the 39 form of these laws, which must emerge from the interaction of nervous system, musculature, body mechanics, 40 and the environment [1, 2], is a fundamental and inspiring problem in modern biology [3], with applications 41 in engineering fields such as robotics [4, 5]. 42Recent work has leveraged the development of low-cost, high-detail imaging technologies and advanced 43 data analysis techniques to provide fine-grained characterisations of animal behaviour. For instance, pio-44 neering work on the nematode worm C. elegans demonstrated the existence of a low-dimensional postural 45 basis in which to describe the animals’ shape changes over time [6], and similar bases have been found for 46 other slender-bodied animals including zebrafish [7], snakes [8], and the Drosophila melanogaster larva [9]. 47 Subsequent work, particularly in the nematode, has exploited such low-dimensional postural bases to theo-48 retically investigate a wide range of behaviours using data-driven methods [6, 10–13]. However, principled, 49 interpretable theories of animal behaviour are lacking, and it remains unclear why animal behaviour often 50 appears to be low-dimensional at all, or what factors determine the dynamics and statistics within the 51 low-dimensional postural mode space. 52
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