The Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT): population-scale mobile element discovery and biology.

The Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT): population-scale mobile element discovery and biology.
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DOI:
10.1101/gr.218032.116
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发表时间:
2017-11
期刊:
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Devine SE
Devine SE
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gardner EJ;Lam VK;Harris DN;Chuang NT;Scott EC;Pittard WS;Mills RE;1000 Genomes Project Consortium;Devine SE

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移动元件插入 (MEI) 占人类基因组中所有结构变异的约 25%。此外,当 MEIs 破坏基因时,它们会影响人类特征和疾病。因此,在涉及群体遗传学、人类疾病和临床基因组学的全基因组测序(WGS)项目中,MEI 应该与其他形式的遗传变异一起得到充分发现。在这里,我们描述了移动元素定位工具 (MELT),它是作为 1000 基因组计划的一部分而开发的,用于在人口规模上执行 MEI 发现。使用 Illumina WGS 数据和模拟,我们证明 MELT 在速度、可扩展性、特异性和灵敏度方面优于现有的 MEI 发现工具,同时还可以检测更广泛的 MEI 相关特征。开发了多种运行模式来在本地和云系统上执行 MEI 发现。作为千人基因组计划的一部分,除了使用 MELT 来发现现代人类的 MEIs 之外,我们还用它来发现黑猩猩和古代(尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人)原始人类的 MEIs。我们在这些人群中发现了不同的 MEI 分层模式,这可能是由以下原因引起的:(1) 源元件的 MEI 生成率不同,(2) MEI 遗传模式不同,以及 (3) 古代 MEI 渗入现代人类基因组。总体而言,我们的研究提供了迄今为止涵盖黑猩猩、古代原始人类和现代人类的最全面的 MEI 图谱,并揭示了这些谱系中 MEI 生物学的新方面。我们还证明 MELT 是一个在各种实验环境中发现和分析 MEI 的强大平台。
Mobile element insertions (MEIs) represent ∼25% of all structural variants in human genomes. Moreover, when they disrupt genes, MEIs can influence human traits and diseases. Therefore, MEIs should be fully discovered along with other forms of genetic variation in whole genome sequencing (WGS) projects involving population genetics, human diseases, and clinical genomics. Here, we describe the Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT), which was developed as part of the 1000 Genomes Project to perform MEI discovery on a population scale. Using both Illumina WGS data and simulations, we demonstrate that MELT outperforms existing MEI discovery tools in terms of speed, scalability, specificity, and sensitivity, while also detecting a broader spectrum of MEI-associated features. Several run modes were developed to perform MEI discovery on local and cloud systems. In addition to using MELT to discover MEIs in modern humans as part of the 1000 Genomes Project, we also used it to discover MEIs in chimpanzees and ancient (Neanderthal and Denisovan) hominids. We detected diverse patterns of MEI stratification across these populations that likely were caused by (1) diverse rates of MEI production from source elements, (2) diverse patterns of MEI inheritance, and (3) the introgression of ancient MEIs into modern human genomes. Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive map of MEIs to date spanning chimpanzees, ancient hominids, and modern humans and reveals new aspects of MEI biology in these lineages. We also demonstrate that MELT is a robust platform for MEI discovery and analysis in a variety of experimental settings.
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