Genetic Encoding of Three Distinct Noncanonical Amino Acids Using Reprogrammed Initiator and Nonsense Codons.

Genetic Encoding of Three Distinct Noncanonical Amino Acids Using Reprogrammed Initiator and Nonsense Codons.
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使用重编程起始子和无义密码子对三种不同的非规范氨基酸进行遗传编码。

DOI:
10.1021/acschembio.1c00120
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发表时间:
2021-04-16
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Söll D
Söll D
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tharp JM;Vargas-Rodriguez O;Schepartz A;Söll D

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我们最近描述了一个正交起始tRNA(itRNATy 2),可以启动蛋白质合成与非规范氨基酸(ncAAs)在响应UAG无义密码子。在这里,我们报告,itRNATy 2(itRNATy 2AUA)的突变体可以有效地启动翻译响应UAU酪氨酸密码子,产生的蛋白质与ncAA在其N-末端。我们表明,在表达itRNATy 2AUA的细胞中,UAU可以作为一个双重用途的密码子,选择性地编码ncAAs在起始位置和主要是酪氨酸在延长位置。使用itRNATy 2 AUA,结合其同源酪氨酰-tRNA合成酶和两种相互正交的吡咯赖氨酰-tRNA合成酶,我们证明UAU可以沿着UAG或UAA重新分配,以编码同一蛋白质中的两种不同的ncAA。此外,通过工程的底物特异性的吡咯赖氨酰-tRNA合成酶之一,我们开发了一个三重正交系统,使同时重新分配的UAU,UAG,和UAA生产蛋白质含有三个不同的ncAA在精确定义的网站。为了展示该系统的实用性,我们生产了含有两个或三个ncAA的蛋白质,具有独特的生物正交官能团,并证明这些蛋白质可以用多种荧光探针分别修饰。
We recently described an orthogonal initiator tRNA (itRNATy2) that can initiate protein synthesis with noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) in response to the UAG nonsense codon. Here, we report that a mutant of itRNATy2 (itRNATy2AUA) can efficiently initiate translation in response to the UAU tyrosine codon, giving rise to proteins with an ncAA at their N-terminus. We show that, in cells expressing itRNATy2AUA, UAU can function as a dual-use codon that selectively encodes ncAAs at the initiating position and predominantly tyrosine at elongating positions. Using itRNATy2AUA, in conjunction with its cognate tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and two mutually orthogonal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases, we demonstrate that UAU can be reassigned along with UAG or UAA to encode two distinct ncAAs in the same protein. Furthermore, by engineering the substrate specificity of one of the pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases, we developed a triply orthogonal system that enables simultaneous reassignment of UAU, UAG, and UAA to produce proteins containing three distinct ncAAs at precisely defined sites. To showcase the utility of this system, we produced proteins containing two or three ncAAs, with unique bioorthogonal functional groups, and demonstrate that these proteins can be separately modified with multiple fluorescent probes.
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