Enhanced magnetic resonance contrast of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles trapped in a porous silicon nanoparticle host.
Enhanced magnetic resonance contrast of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles trapped in a porous silicon nanoparticle host.
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201101877
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发表时间：
2011-09-22
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Sailor, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinsella, Joseph M.;Ananda, Shalini;Andrew, Jennifer S.;Grondek, Joel F.;Chien, Miao-Ping;Scadeng, Miriam;Gianneschi, Nathan C.;Ruoslahti, Erkki;Sailor, Michael J.
磁性纳米颗粒已被用于广泛的临床和诊断应用，包括免疫分析、靶向给药、磁共振成像(MRI)和磁热疗。[1-4]磁性纳米颗粒最早的临床应用之一是使用超顺磁性氧化铁来增强MRI的图像对比度，[5-8]这是因为这些纳米颗粒能够提高质子弛豫率。用葡聚糖包覆超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒(SPION)提供了一种无毒和非免疫原性的材料，可以在体内有效循环，从而增强肝、脾和淋巴组织的成像。这些颗粒在临床上被用来区分肝硬变或肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的肝脏病变和识别淋巴结转移。[5，9]超顺磁性物质隔离在库普弗细胞内，其功能是从不能存活的红细胞中回收铁。恶性肝细胞癌组织缺乏功能性枯否细胞，导致与健康组织相比，对纳米颗粒的摄取减少。最近，已经开发出允许SPION辅助检测实体肿瘤的方法。[9-15]早期肿瘤的成像提供了一个巨大的挑战--提供足够数量的超顺磁性纳米材料来产生可检测的对比度，对于较小的肿瘤是不容易实现的。简单地增加超顺磁性纳米颗粒的尺寸可以改善其磁响应，但循环时间和生物兼容性会受到影响。纳米粒子的大小也有一个有限的上限--在~20 nm处，氧化铁的性质从超顺磁性转变为铁磁性。增加磁饱和度的另一种方法是创建更小的团簇
Magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated for a broad range of clinical and diagnostic applications including immunoassays, targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic hyperthermia.[1–4] One of the earliest clinical applications of magnetic nanoparticles was the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide to enhance image contrast in MRI,[5–8] due to the ability of these nanoparticles to increase proton relaxation rates. Coating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with dextran provides a non-toxic and non-immunogenic material that circulates effectively in the body, allowing enhanced imaging of liver, spleen and lymphatic tissues. These particles are used clinically to deliniate hepatic lesions in patients with cirrohis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify lymph node metastases.[5, 9] The superparamagnetic materials are sequestered within Kupffer cells, whose function is to recycle iron from non-viable red blood cells. Malignant HCC tissues lack functional Kupffer cells, resulting in reduced uptake of the nanoparticles compared to healthy tissue. More recently, methods have been developed that allow SPIONs to aid in the detection of solid tumors.[9–15]Imaging of early stage tumors provides a significant challenge—delivering sufficient quantities of superparamagnetic nanomaterials to generate detectable contrast is not readily achieved with smaller tumors. Simply increasing the size of the superparamagnetic nanoparticle can improve its magnetic response, but circulation time and biocompatibility are compromised. There is also a finite upper limit on nanoparticle size—at~ 20 nm the properties of iron oxide transition from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic.[16, 17] An alternate approach to increase magnetic saturation is to create clusters of smaller
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