Confusing signals: recent progress in CTLA-4 biology.
Confusing signals: recent progress in CTLA-4 biology.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.it.2014.12.001
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发表时间:
2015-02
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Sansom DM
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Walker LS;Sansom DM
Cell extrinsic and cell intrinsic mechanisms of action of CTLA-4 are unclear. Data suggest that the extracellular domain of CTLA4 elicits regulatory function. The function of CTLA-4 tail may lie in regulating localization rather than signaling. Membrane levels of CTLA-4 directly impact access of CD28 to shared ligands. The mechanism of action of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) remains surprisingly unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can use CTLA-4 to elicit suppression; however, CTLA-4 also operates in conventional T cells, reputedly by triggering inhibitory signals. Recently, interactions mediated via the CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain have been shown to preferentially affect Treg cells, yet other evidence suggests that the extracellular domain of CTLA-4 is sufficient to elicit suppression. Here, we discuss these paradoxical findings in the context of CTLA-4-mediated ligand regulation. We propose that the function of CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain is not to transmit inhibitory signals but to precisely control the turnover, cellular location, and membrane delivery of CTLA-4 to facilitate its central function: regulating the access of CD28 to their shared ligands.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1101649
发表时间:
2011-09-15
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
作者:
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Germain RN
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
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通讯作者:
Kurtz, SE
影响因子:
4.4
作者:
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通讯作者:
Saito, T
影响因子:
4.4
作者:
Kataoka, H;Takahashi, S;Saito, T
通讯作者:
Saito, T
DOI:
10.1084/jem.20081811
发表时间:
2009-02-16
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
作者:
Friedline RH;Brown DS;Nguyen H;Kornfeld H;Lee J;Zhang Y;Appleby M;Der SD;Kang J;Chambers CA
通讯作者:
Chambers CA