Bad wrap: Myelin and myelin plasticity in health and disease.

Bad wrap: Myelin and myelin plasticity in health and disease.
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不良包裹:健康和疾病中的髓磷脂和髓鞘可塑性。

DOI:
10.1002/dneu.22541
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发表时间:
2018-03
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Monje M
Monje M
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gibson EM;Geraghty AC;Monje M

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人类中枢神经系统髓鞘的发育延伸到生命的第四个十年,这个漫长的时期强调了经验调节髓鞘形成的潜力。髓磷脂可塑性的概念暗示了髓磷脂结构和功能的适应性,以响应发育期间和以后的经历。越来越多的证据支持神经元活动调节髓鞘形成细胞变化的概念,包括少突胶质前体细胞增殖、少突胶质形成和髓鞘微观结构的调节。在健康个体中,大脑联合白质结构中的髓磷脂可塑性与啮齿动物和人类的学习和运动功能有关。髓鞘形成细胞的活动依赖性变化可能影响神经网络的功能,神经网络依赖于大量神经信号在时间和空间尺度上的收敛。然而,髓磷脂可塑性的失调会改变髓磷脂的微观结构,导致神经回路功能异常或导致病理性细胞增殖。髓磷脂可塑性在正常神经功能和疾病中的新作用进行了讨论。
Human central nervous system myelin development extends well into the fourth decade of life, and this protracted period underscores the potential for experience to modulate myelination. The concept of myelin plasticity implies adaptability in myelin structure and function in response to experiences during development and beyond. Mounting evidence supports this concept of neuronal activity-regulated changes in myelin-forming cells, including oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation, oligodendrogenesis and modulation of myelin microstructure. In healthy individuals, myelin plasticity in associative white matter structures of the brain is implicated in learning and motor function in both rodents and humans. Activity-dependent changes in myelin-forming cells may influence the function of neural networks that depend on the convergence of numerous neural signals on both a temporal and spatial scale. However, dysregulation of myelin plasticity can disadvantageously alter myelin microstructure and result in aberrant circuit function or contribute to pathological cell proliferation. Emerging roles for myelin plasticity in normal neurological function and in disease are discussed.
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