Testing for divergent transmission histories among cultural characters: a study using Bayesian phylogenetic methods and Iranian tribal textile data.
Testing for divergent transmission histories among cultural characters: a study using Bayesian phylogenetic methods and Iranian tribal textile data.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0014810
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发表时间：
2011-04-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nunn CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matthews LJ;Tehrani JJ;Jordan FM;Collard M;Nunn CL
考古学家和人类学家早就认识到，不同的文化复合体可能有不同的血统历史，但他们缺乏能够轻易识别这种不一致性的分析技术。在这里，我们展示如何贝叶斯系统发育分析可以用来识别不一致的文化历史。我们采用这种方法来调查伊朗部落的纺织传统。我们在系统发育框架中使用贝叶斯因子比较来检验两种文化进化模型：层次整合系统假说和多连贯单位假说。在等级整合系统假说中，一个核心的字符传统是通过遗传和修改而演变的，而核心的外围字符在同时期的人群中是相互交换的。在多连贯单位假说中，不存在核心传统。相反，有几个文化单位，由具有不同血统历史的字符集组成。对于伊朗纺织品，贝叶斯系统发育分析支持多连贯单位假设，而不是分层整合系统假设。我们的分析表明，与其他纺织品特征相比，毛织图案代表了一种独特的文化单位，具有不同的系统发育历史。伊朗纺织品的结果与现有的人种学证据一致，表明商业地毯市场影响了毛毡的设计，但没有影响部落生产的其他纺织品所采用的技术或设计。我们预计，推断文化单位的贝叶斯系统发育测试将对研究包括语言、行为和物质文化在内的文化特征进化的研究人员有很大的价值。
Archaeologists and anthropologists have long recognized that different cultural complexes may have distinct descent histories, but they have lacked analytical techniques capable of easily identifying such incongruence. Here, we show how Bayesian phylogenetic analysis can be used to identify incongruent cultural histories. We employ the approach to investigate Iranian tribal textile traditions. We used Bayes factor comparisons in a phylogenetic framework to test two models of cultural evolution: the hierarchically integrated system hypothesis and the multiple coherent units hypothesis. In the hierarchically integrated system hypothesis, a core tradition of characters evolves through descent with modification and characters peripheral to the core are exchanged among contemporaneous populations. In the multiple coherent units hypothesis, a core tradition does not exist. Rather, there are several cultural units consisting of sets of characters that have different histories of descent. For the Iranian textiles, the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses supported the multiple coherent units hypothesis over the hierarchically integrated system hypothesis. Our analyses suggest that pile-weave designs represent a distinct cultural unit that has a different phylogenetic history compared to other textile characters. The results from the Iranian textiles are consistent with the available ethnographic evidence, which suggests that the commercial rug market has influenced pile-rug designs but not the techniques or designs incorporated in the other textiles produced by the tribes. We anticipate that Bayesian phylogenetic tests for inferring cultural units will be of great value for researchers interested in studying the evolution of cultural traits including language, behavior, and material culture.
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