Students, movements, and the threat to authoritarianism in Bangladesh

Students, movements, and the threat to authoritarianism in Bangladesh
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孟加拉国的学生、运动和对独裁主义的威胁

DOI:
10.1080/09584935.2020.1855113
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Jackman D
Jackman D
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jackman D

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孟加拉国几十年来充满暴力和竞争的政党政治已经被执政的人民联盟(Awami League)领导下的独裁巩固所取代。主流的“公民社会”和政治反对派都在很大程度上受到压制,无法发起该国政治中典型的抗议活动。然而,令人惊讶的是,近年来,以学生领导的运动形式出现的重大城市骚乱,围绕着不公正的问题聚集在一起。这样的社会运动在威权主义持久性的研究中被忽视,但在实践中似乎对执政党构成了严重威胁。为了理解这种威胁,本文考察了2018年的两个案例:公务员配额改革运动和改善道路安全。它认为,必须根据孟加拉国的历史来解读此类运动,在孟加拉国,学生在对抗威权统治方面发挥了重要作用。特别是,它们构成了两大威胁:首先,它们有可能削弱执政党的合法性,并制造一个危机时刻,让反对派可以利用;其次,它们可能加剧执政党维持权力所依赖的利益集团之间的紧张关系。因此,应对这些威胁对执政党保持对权力的控制至关重要。
Decades of violent yet competitive party politics in Bangladesh have been usurped by authoritarian consolidation under the ruling Awami League. Both mainstream ‘civil society’ and political opposition have been largely suppressed, left unable to wage the protests typical of the county’s politics. It is then striking that recent years have nonetheless seen significant urban unrest in the form of student led movements, coalescing around issues of injustice. Such social movements are neglected in the study of authoritarian durability, yet appear in practice to pose a serious threat to the ruling party. To understand this threat, this article examines two cases from 2018: the movements for reform to civil service quotas, and improved road safety. It argues such movements must be read in light of Bangladesh’s history, where students have played a major role in confronting authoritarian rule. In particular, they pose two threats: first, they have the potential to undermine the ruling party’s legitimacy and create a moment of crisis on which the opposition could capitalise; second, they can exacerbate tensions between interest groups on whom the ruling party rely to maintain power. Responding to such threats is thus crucial for the ruling party to maintain their grip on power.
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