Cancer and myeloid clonal evolution in the short telomere syndromes.

Cancer and myeloid clonal evolution in the short telomere syndromes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.019
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发表时间:
2020-02
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Armanios M
Armanios M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schratz KE;Armanios M

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短端粒综合征是最常见的早衰症。尽管在转基因细胞和动物模型中的研究表明端粒功能障碍可能会促进基因组的不稳定性,但只有少数人具有端粒酶和相关基因的遗传性功能丧失突变,从而患上癌症。实体瘤相对罕见,绝大多数癌症是骨髓来源的,其中骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)和急性髓性白血病(AML)占病例的四分之三。与发生再生障碍性贫血的年轻短端粒综合征患者相反,MDS和AML通常在具有较轻短端粒缺陷的成人中被诊断。在这里,我们剖析了这两种骨髓衰竭状态,再生障碍性贫血和MDS-AML,在不同程度的端粒缩短的背景下演变的机制。我们将定义这些观察结果对患者护理的影响,以及了解年龄相关的骨髓克隆进化的遗传学和生物学。
The short telomere syndromes are the most common premature aging disorders. Although studies in genetically modified cells and animal models have suggested telomere dysfunction may promote genome instability, only a minority of humans with inherited loss-of-function mutations in telomerase and related genes develop cancer. Solid tumors are relatively rare and the vast majority of cancers are bone marrow-derived with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprising three-quarter of cases. In contrast to young short telomere syndrome patients who develop aplastic anemia, MDS and AML are usually diagnosed in adults who have milder short telomere defects. Here, we dissect the mechanisms by which these two bone marrow failure states, aplastic anemia and MDS-AML, evolve in the setting of varying degrees of telomere shortening. We will define the implications of these observations for patient care as well as for understanding the genetics and biology of age-related myeloid clonal evolution.
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