Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2.

Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2.
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对化脓性链球菌的先天免疫反应取决于TLR13和TLR2的联合激活。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0119727
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Kovarik P
Kovarik P
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fieber C;Janos M;Koestler T;Gratz N;Li XD;Castiglia V;Aberle M;Sauert M;Wegner M;Alexopoulou L;Kirschning CJ;Chen ZJ;von Haeseler A;Kovarik P

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主要的人类特异性革兰氏阳性病原体化脓性链球菌的先天免疫识别尚不清楚。本研究表明,小鼠利用toll样受体(TLR) 2-和tlr13介导的化脓性链球菌识别。这些TLR通路在动物感染的体内环境中是不冗余的,但在体外则是冗余的,因为只有灭活这两种通路才能消除被化脓性链球菌感染的巨噬细胞和树突状细胞产生的炎症细胞因子。在机制上,化脓性链球菌最初以不依赖吞噬的方式被TLR2识别,随后在内化时被TLR13识别。我们发现TLR13反应是由化脓性链球菌rRNA特异性触发的,TLR13−/−细胞仅通过TLR2参与对化脓性链球菌感染产生反应。TLR13在人类中不存在,值得注意的是,我们在人类巨噬细胞中没有发现化脓性链球菌RNA识别的等效途径。系统发育分析表明,TLR13存在于所有王国中,但只存在于少数哺乳动物中,包括小鼠和大鼠,它们对化脓性链球菌具有天然抗性。我们的研究表明,TLR13在小鼠和人类中的不同表达对这些生物体中化脓性链球菌的识别具有功能影响。
Innate immune recognition of the major human-specific Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes is not understood. Here we show that mice employ Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2- and TLR13-mediated recognition of S. pyogenes. These TLR pathways are non-redundant in the in vivo context of animal infection, but are largely redundant in vitro, as only inactivation of both of them abolishes inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and dendritic cells infected with S. pyogenes. Mechanistically, S. pyogenes is initially recognized in a phagocytosis-independent manner by TLR2 and subsequently by TLR13 upon internalization. We show that the TLR13 response is specifically triggered by S. pyogenes rRNA and that Tlr13 −/− cells respond to S. pyogenes infection solely by engagement of TLR2. TLR13 is absent from humans and, remarkably, we find no equivalent route for S. pyogenes RNA recognition in human macrophages. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that TLR13 occurs in all kingdoms but only in few mammals, including mice and rats, which are naturally resistant against S. pyogenes. Our study establishes that the dissimilar expression of TLR13 in mice and humans has functional consequences for recognition of S. pyogenes in these organisms.
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