Neocentromeres and epigenetically inherited features of centromeres.

Neocentromeres and epigenetically inherited features of centromeres.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10577-012-9296-x
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发表时间:
2012-07
期刊:
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Berman J
Berman J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burrack LS;Berman J

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新着丝粒是新的功能着丝点聚集并允许染色体分离的异位位置。新着丝粒通常在基因组改变后形成,这种改变会移除或破坏着丝粒功能。形成新着丝粒的能力在从真菌到哺乳动物的真核生物中都是保守的。在几种类型的人类癌症和发育障碍患者中发现了新着丝粒,这种新着丝粒可以挽救带有大量染色体重排的细胞中的染色体片段。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了新着丝粒对人类健康的重要性,并评价了最近开发的研究新着丝粒的形成、维持和在染色体分离中的功能的模型系统。此外,对新着丝粒的研究提供了对天然着丝粒的洞察;对在人类临床样本中发现并在模式生物中诱导的新着丝粒的分析,将依赖着丝粒DNA的着丝粒的特征与表观遗传的特征以及功能性着丝粒的形成区分开来。
Neocentromeres are ectopic sites where new functional kinetochores assemble and permit chromosome segregation. Neocentromeres usually form following genomic alterations that remove or disrupt centromere function. The ability to form neocentromeres is conserved in eukaryotes ranging from fungi to mammals. Neocentromeres that rescue chromosome fragments in cells with gross chromosomal rearrangements are found in several types of human cancers, and in patients with developmental disabilities. In this review, we discuss the importance of neocentromeres to human health and evaluate recently developed model systems to study neocentromere formation, maintenance, and function in chromosome segregation. Additionally, studies of neocentromeres provide insight into native centromeres; analysis of neocentromeres found in human clinical samples and induced in model organisms distinguishes features of centromeres that are dependent on centromere DNA from features that are epigenetically inherited together with the formation of a functional kinetochore.
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