The cadherin superfamily: diversity in form and function.

The cadherin superfamily: diversity in form and function.
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钙粘蛋白超家族:形式和功能的多样性。

DOI:
--
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发表时间:
2001
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Anthony I. Magee
Anthony I. Magee
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Angst;Cristiana Marcozzi;Anthony I. Magee

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近年来,钙粘蛋白作为一个不断增长的分子超家族出现,其结构和生物学功能的复杂图景也越来越明显。细胞外区域的变异导致了这个超家族识别特性的巨大潜力。最近发现的与fyn结合的cnr原钙粘蛋白显著地证明了这一点;它们表现出细胞外部分的不同表达,这可能导致不同神经元群体中不同的细胞识别,而它们的细胞质部分,因此细胞内的相互作用是恒定的。钙粘蛋白细胞质部分的多样性赋予了它们与细胞质组分相互作用的特异性;例如,经典钙粘蛋白与连环蛋白和肌动蛋白丝网络相互作用,桥粒钙粘蛋白与连环蛋白和中间丝系统相互作用,cnr -钙粘蛋白与src家族激酶FYN相互作用。最近的证据表明,cnr -钙粘蛋白,7tm -钙粘蛋白和t -钙粘蛋白,通过GPI锚定在细胞膜上,都定位于脂筏,富含信号分子的专门的细胞膜区域。钙粘蛋白超家族分子最初被认为是细胞粘附分子,现在被认为参与许多生物过程,如细胞识别、细胞信号传导、细胞通讯、形态发生、血管生成,甚至可能是神经传递。
Over recent years cadherins have emerged as a growing superfamily of molecules, and a complex picture of their structure and their biological functions is becoming apparent. Variation in their extracellular region leads to the large potential for recognition properties of this superfamily. This is demonstrated strikingly by the recently discovered FYN-binding CNR-protocadherins; these exhibit alternative expression of the extracellular portion, which could lead to distinct cell recognition in different neuronal populations, whereas their cytoplasmic part, and therefore intracellular interactions, is constant. Diversity in the cytoplasmic moiety of the cadherins imparts specificity to their interactions with cytoplasmic components; for example, classical cadherins interact with catenins and the actin filament network, desmosomal cadherins interact with catenins and the intermediate filament system and CNR-cadherins interact with the SRC-family kinase FYN. Recent evidence suggests that CNR-cadherins, 7TM-cadherins and T-cadherin, which is tethered to the membrane by a GPI anchor, all localise to lipid rafts, specialised cell membrane domains rich in signalling molecules. Originally thought of as cell adhesion molecules, cadherin superfamily molecules are now known to be involved in many biological processes, such as cell recognition, cell signalling, cell communication, morphogenesis, angiogenesis and possibly even neurotransmission.
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