The predicted impact of resource provisioning on the epidemiological responses of different parasites.
The predicted impact of resource provisioning on the epidemiological responses of different parasites.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13751
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Fenton, Andy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erazo, Diana;Pedersen, Amy B.;Fenton, Andy
关键词：
人为活动和自然事件，如定期砍伐树木，可以改变环境中的资源供应，直接影响动物，并可能影响传染病在野生动物中的传播。这些额外资源对传染病的影响可通过不同途径表现出来，影响宿主易感性、接触率和宿主人口统计。然而，迄今为止，实证研究倾向于孤立地检查这些不同的途径，例如，通过量化野外供应对宿主行为的影响或在对照实验室研究中免疫反应的变化。此外，虽然理论研究了这些途径之间的相互作用，但这项工作主要集中在病原体类型的一小部分，通常是直接传播的微寄生虫。鉴于供给量影响宿主易感性、接触模式或宿主人口统计学的方式多种多样，我们可以预期供给量的流行病学后果因不同寄生虫类型而异，这取决于寄生虫生活史的关键方面，如感染持续时间和传播模式。以典型的经验系统——木鼠弓形虫（Apodemus sylvaticus）及其多样化的寄生虫群落为研究对象，我们开发了一套流行病学模型，以比较资源供应如何改变宿主对一系列寄生虫的反应，这些寄生虫在生物学（微寄生虫和大寄生虫）、传播模式（直接传播、环境传播和媒介传播）和感染持续时间（急性、潜伏和慢性）方面存在差异。我们发现，在所有寄生虫类型中，对宿主资源供应有共同的流行病学反应。特别是，供给的流行病学影响可能朝着相反的方向发展，这取决于哪种宿主途径（接触率、易感性或宿主人口学）会因向环境中添加资源而发生最大的改变。总的来说，这些反应在所有寄生虫类型中在质量上是一致的，这强调了确定供应改变参数之间一般权衡的重要性。尽管不同类型的寄生虫对供应的反应在质量上是一致的，但我们预测了寄生虫之间显著的数量差异，直接传播的寄生虫（符合SIR和SIS框架的寄生虫）预测在被检查的寄生虫中对供应的反应最强，而媒介传播的寄生虫对供应的反应可以忽略不计。因此，这些分析表明，即使在同一寄主种群中，不同的寄生虫可能对相同的供给情景表现出不同的反应规模。这突出了了解宿主-寄生虫生物学关键方面的重要性，以了解和预测对任何特定宿主-寄生虫系统供应的流行病学反应。鉴于人类对自然和半自然环境中资源供应的影响越来越大，以自然宿主-寄生虫系统数据为基础的一般理论可以帮助提出关于不同寄生虫如何可能对自然种群中的资源供应作出反应的假设。
Anthropogenic activities and natural events such as periodic tree masting can alter resource provisioning in the environment, directly affecting animals, and potentially impacting the spread of infectious diseases in wildlife. The impact of these additional resources on infectious diseases can manifest through different pathways, affecting host susceptibility, contact rate and host demography. To date however, empirical research has tended to examine these different pathways in isolation, for example by quantifying the effects of provisioning on host behaviour in the wild or changes in immune responses in controlled laboratory studies. Furthermore, while theory has investigated the interactions between these pathways, this work has focussed on a narrow subset of pathogen types, typically directly transmitted microparasites. Given the diverse ways that provisioning can affect host susceptibility, contact patterns or host demography, we may expect the epidemiological consequences of provisioning to vary among different parasite types, dependent on key aspects of parasite life history, such as the duration of infection and transmission mode. Focusing on an exemplar empirical system, the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, and its diverse parasite community, we developed a suite of epidemiological models to compare how resource provisioning alters responses for a range of these parasites that vary in their biology (microparasite and macroparasite), transmission mode (direct, environmental and vector transmitted) and duration of infection (acute, latent and chronic) within the same host population. We show there are common epidemiological responses to host resource provisioning across all parasite types examined. In particular, the epidemiological impact of provisioning could be driven in opposite directions, depending on which host pathways (contact rate, susceptibility or host demography) are most altered by the addition of resources to the environment. Broadly, these responses were qualitatively consistent across all parasite types, emphasising the importance of identifying general trade‐offs between provisioning‐altered parameters. Despite the qualitative consistency in responses to provisioning across parasite types, we predicted notable quantitative differences between parasites, with directly transmitted parasites (those conforming to SIR and SIS frameworks) predicted to show the strongest responses to provisioning among those examined, whereas the vector‐borne parasites showed negligible responses to provisioning. As such, these analyses suggest that different parasites may show different scales of response to the same provisioning scenario, even within the same host population. This highlights the importance of knowing key aspects of host–parasite biology, to understand and predict epidemiological responses to provisioning for any specific host–parasite system. Given the increasing impact humans are having on resource availability in natural and semi‐natural environments, general theory, ground‐truthed with data from natural host‐parasite systems, can help delevop hypotheses on how different parasite are likely to respond to resource provisioning in natural populations.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Maggini, Silvia;Wintergerst, Eva S.;Hornig, Dietrich H.
通讯作者：
Hornig, Dietrich H.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
DOBSON, AP;HUDSON, PJ
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影响因子：
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作者：
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Dempster T
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2005.3400
发表时间：
2006-04-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Carslake, D;Bennett, M;Begoni, M
通讯作者：
Begoni, M
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Nagy, LR;Holmes, RT
通讯作者：
Holmes, RT