Crystal structure of native Anopheles gambiae serpin-2, a negative regulator of melanization in mosquitoes.

Crystal structure of native Anopheles gambiae serpin-2, a negative regulator of melanization in mosquitoes.
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DOI:
10.1002/prot.23002
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发表时间:
2011-06
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Michel, Kristin
Michel, Kristin
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
An, Chunju;Lovell, Scott;Kanost, Michael R.;Battaile, Kevin P.;Michel, Kristin

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在后生动物中,Serpins是主要的蛋白水解酶抑制因子,它控制着包括主要的先天免疫反应在内的多种生物学过程。其中一种名为SRPN2的抑制剂可以控制蚊子的黑化--一种强大的节肢动物特有的先天性免疫反应。成年雌性蚊子血淋巴中SRPN2的耗尽显着降低了寿命,因此这种蛇纹链是新型杀虫剂的潜在靶标。本文报道了SRPN2在非洲冈比亚按蚊天然构象中的晶体结构,分辨率为1.75?SRPn2采用了与其他蛇体相似的折叠方式,其核心为三个β-Sheet,周围有九个α-螺旋,其中一个暴露的反应中心环(RCL)从蛋白体延伸出来。与其他天然的丝氨酸结构类似,反应中心环中的几个残基是无序的,无法建模。有趣的是,SRPN2中RCL的N端铰链被发现插入到β-Sheet A中,这表明了一种潜在的激活机制,类似于肝素介导的抗凝血酶III的激活。
Serpins are the dominant group of protease inhibitors in metazoans that control a wide variety of biological processes including major innate immune reactions. One of these inhibitors, SRPN2, controls melanization in mosquitoes – a powerful, arthropod-specific innate immune response. SRPN2 depletion from the hemolymph of adult female mosquitoes significantly reduces longevity and therefore this serpin is a potential target for novel insecticides. We report here the crystal structure of SRPN2 in its native conformation from the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae to 1.75 Å resolution. SRPN2 adopts a similar fold as observed for other serpins with a core of three β-sheets surrounded by nine α-helices with an exposed reactive center loop (RCL) that extends from the protein body. Similar to other native serpin structures, several residues within the reactive center loop were disordered and could not be modeled. Intriguingly, the N-terminal hinge of the RCL in SRPN2 was found to be inserted into β-sheet A, suggesting a potential activation mechanism analogous to heparin-mediated activation of Antithrombin III.
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