Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex structures with CUT&Tag.

Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex structures with CUT&Tag.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkab1073
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发表时间:
2022-02-22
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Elsässer SJ
Elsässer SJ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lyu J;Shao R;Kwong Yung PY;Elsässer SJ

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单链基因组DNA可以折叠成G-四链体(G4)结构或形成DNA:RNA杂交体(R环)。最近的证据表明,这种非规范的DNA结构影响基因表达,DNA甲基化,复制叉进展和基因组稳定性。G4结构何时以及如何形成和分解仍不清楚。在这里,我们报告使用切割下的目标和标签化(切割和标签)映射天然G4在哺乳动物细胞系在高分辨率和低背景。用于该程序的温和天然条件保留了更多的G4结构,并提供了比基于ChIP的方法更高的信噪比。我们确定了小鼠胚胎干细胞(ESC)的G4景观,观察到广泛的G4形成在活跃的启动子,活跃和准备增强。我们发现,G4基序和G4结构的存在下区分活跃和引发小鼠胚胎干细胞的增强子。在分化为神经祖细胞(NPC)时,增强子G4丢失。此外,进行R环切割和标记,我们证明了在启动子和增强子处的单链DNA、G4和R环的全基因组共现。我们证实,G4结构存在独立的正在进行的转录,这表明转录和非典型的DNA结构之间的错综复杂的关系。
Single-stranded genomic DNA can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) structures or form DNA:RNA hybrids (R loops). Recent evidence suggests that such non-canonical DNA structures affect gene expression, DNA methylation, replication fork progression and genome stability. When and how G4 structures form and are resolved remains unclear. Here we report the use of Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) for mapping native G4 in mammalian cell lines at high resolution and low background. Mild native conditions used for the procedure retain more G4 structures and provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio than ChIP-based methods. We determine the G4 landscape of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC), observing widespread G4 formation at active promoters, active and poised enhancers. We discover that the presence of G4 motifs and G4 structures distinguishes active and primed enhancers in mouse ESCs. Upon differentiation to neural progenitor cells (NPC), enhancer G4s are lost. Further, performing R-loop CUT&Tag, we demonstrate the genome-wide co-occurrence of single-stranded DNA, G4s and R loops at promoters and enhancers. We confirm that G4 structures exist independent of ongoing transcription, suggesting an intricate relationship between transcription and non-canonical DNA structures.
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