The expanding world of DNA and RNA.

The expanding world of DNA and RNA.
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DNA和RNA的扩展世界。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.001
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发表时间:
2016-10
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Romesberg, Floyd E.
Romesberg, Floyd E.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Tingjian;Hongdilokkul, Narupat;Liu, Zhixia;Thirunavukarasu, Deepak;Romesberg, Floyd E.

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DNA和RNA之所以引人注目,是因为它们既可以编码信息,又具有所需的特性,包括结合特定靶点或催化特定反应的能力。不干扰酶促合成的核苷酸修饰现在被用于赋予DNA或RNA进一步增加其效用的性质,包括增加核酸酶抗性的磷酸和糖修饰,增加可能的活性范围的核碱基修饰,甚至导致选择性配对和产生增加信息含量的非天然碱基对的整个核碱基替换。这些修饰越来越多地应用于体外和体内,包括努力创造具有改变或扩展的遗传字母表的半合成生物体。
DNA and RNA are remarkable because they can both encode information and possess desired properties, including the ability to bind specific targets or catalyze specific reactions. Nucleotide modifications that do not interfere with enzymatic synthesis are now being used to bestow DNA or RNA with properties that further increase their utility, including phosphate and sugar modifications that increase nuclease resistance, nucleobase modifications that increase the range of activities possible, and even whole nucleobase replacement that results in selective pairing and the creation of unnatural base pairs that increase the information content. These modifications are increasingly being applied both in vitro and in vivo, including in efforts to create semi-synthetic organisms with altered or expanded genetic alphabets.
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