R-loop and its functions at the regulatory interfaces between transcription and (epi)genome.

R-loop and its functions at the regulatory interfaces between transcription and (epi)genome.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194750
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发表时间:
2021-11
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang GG
Wang GG
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kim A;Wang GG

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R-loop是一种普遍存在的特殊染色质结构,在广泛的生物过程中起着关键作用。特别是,通常由于RNA聚合酶暂停或RNA生物发生功能障碍而产生的共转录r环,可以启动分子事件,以上下文依赖的方式调节局部基因转录并与染色质修饰进行串扰。r环的细胞“读者”被确定,对r环的内稳态和基因调控产生重要影响。越来越多的证据也表明,在人类病理过程中,尤其是癌症和神经系统疾病中,r环放松管制是一个频繁的、有时是初始的事件。这篇综述的目的是涵盖最近在理解r环生物学基础方面的进展,这些进展开始揭示r环与各种生物过程中涉及的因素的复杂相互作用,如转录、RNA加工和表转录组修饰(如n6 -甲基腺苷)、DNA损伤感知和修复以及表观遗传调控。
R-loop represents a prevalent and specialized chromatin structure critically involved in a wide range of biological processes. In particular, co-transcriptional R-loops, produced often due to RNA polymerase pausing or RNA biogenesis malfunction, can initiate molecular events to context-dependently regulate local gene transcription and crosstalk with chromatin modifications. Cellular “readers” of R-loops are identified, exerting crucial impacts on R-loop homeostasis and gene regulation. Mounting evidence also supports R-loop deregulation as a frequent, sometimes initiating, event during human pathologies, notably cancer and neurological disorder. The purpose of this review is to cover recent advances in understanding the fundamentals of R-loop biology, which start to unveil complex interplays of R-loops with factors involved in various biological processes such as transcription, RNA processing and epitranscriptomic modification (such as N6-methyladenosine), DNA damage sensing and repair, and epigenetic regulation.
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