Are older adults more risky readers? Evidence from meta-analysis.
Are older adults more risky readers? Evidence from meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000522
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McGowan VA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang J;Warrington KL;Li L;Pagán A;Paterson KB;White SJ;McGowan VA
根据一项关于年龄对阅读影响的有影响力的研究，与年轻人（18-30岁）相比，老年人（65岁以上）采用更“冒险”的阅读策略，他们试图通过使用词汇和上下文知识来更频繁地猜测即将出现的单词（即旁中央）来弥补处理速度较慢的问题。因此，虽然老年人的阅读速度可能更慢，但他们也可能更频繁地跳过单词（通过将目光移过单词而不盯着它们），特别是当这些单词的词汇频率更高或更容易从上下文预测时。然而，这种老化对阅读影响的表征最近受到了挑战，因为一些研究未能复制风险阅读假设的关键方面，而且有证据表明，该假设预测的关键影响在中文阅读中没有观察到。为了解决这一争议，我们对102个眼动实验进行了荟萃分析，比较了年轻人和老年人的阅读表现。我们专注于阅读正常显示的句子（即，没有不寻常的格式或结构，或使用随凝视变化的显示技术），使用字母脚本或中文进行，并包括操纵特定目标单词的频率或可预测性的实验。荟萃分析证实，与年轻人相比，老年人的阅读速度较慢，同时也伴随着跳字的增加，尽管这只是针对字母文字。元分析还显示，跳词概率不受单词频率或可预测性影响的年龄差异的影响，这让人们对冒险阅读假说的核心部分产生了怀疑。我们考虑了对未来研究衰老对阅读的影响的启示。
According to an influential account of aging effects on reading, older adults (65+ years) employ a more “risky” reading strategy compared to young adults (18–30 years), in which they attempt to compensate for slower processing by using lexical and contextual knowledge to guess upcoming (i.e., parafoveal) words more often. Consequently, while older adults may read more slowly, they might also skip words more often (by moving their gaze past words without fixating them), especially when these are of higher lexical frequency or more predictable from context. However, this characterization of aging effects on reading has been challenged recently following several failures to replicate key aspects of the risky reading hypothesis, as well as evidence that key effects predicted by the hypothesis are not observed in Chinese reading. To resolve this controversy, we conducted a meta-analysis of 102 eye movement experiments comparing the reading performance of young and older adults. We focused on the reading of sentences displayed normally (i.e., without unusual formatting or structures, or use of gaze-contingent display-change techniques), conducted using an alphabetic script or Chinese, and including experiments manipulating the frequency or predictability of a specific target word. Meta-analysis confirmed that slower reading by older compared to younger adults is accompanied by increased word-skipping, although only for alphabetic scripts. Meta-analysis additionally showed that word-skipping probabilities are unaffected by age differences in word frequency or predictability effects, casting doubt on a central component of the risky reading hypothesis. We consider implications for future research on aging effects on reading.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000133
发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
--
作者：
Blanco NJ;Love BC;Ramscar M;Otto AR;Smayda K;Maddox WT
通讯作者：
Maddox WT
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
HAMBERGER, MJ;FRIEDMAN, D;ROSEN, J
通讯作者：
ROSEN, J
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Duval, S;Tweedie, R
通讯作者：
Tweedie, R
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Federmeier, KD;Kutas, M
通讯作者：
Kutas, M
DOI：
10.1186/1748-717x-4-11
发表时间：
2009-03-17
期刊：
Radiation oncology (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Biswas T;Okunieff P;Schell MC;Smudzin T;Pilcher WH;Bakos RS;Vates GE;Walter KA;Wensel A;Korones DN;Milano MT
通讯作者：
Milano MT