Enhancer redundancy in development and disease.

Enhancer redundancy in development and disease.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41576-020-00311-x
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发表时间:
2021-05
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wunderlich Z
Wunderlich Z
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kvon EZ;Waymack R;Gad M;Wunderlich Z

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Shadow enhancers are seemingly redundant transcriptional cis-regulatory elements that regulate the same gene and drive overlapping expression patterns. Recent studies have shown that shadow enhancers are remarkably abundant and control the majority of developmental gene expression in both invertebrates and vertebrates, including mammals. Shadow enhancers might provide an important mechanism for buffering against mutations in non-coding regulatory regions of genes implicated in human disease. Technological advances in genome editing and live imaging have shed light on how shadow enhancers establish precise gene expression patterns and confer phenotypic robustness. Shadow enhancers can interact in complex ways and may also help drive the formation of transcriptional hubs within the nucleus. Despite their apparent redundancy, the prevalence and evolutionary conservation of shadow enhancers underscore their key role in emerging metazoan gene regulatory networks.
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