Innate Immunity Evasion by Enteroviruses Linked to Epidemic Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease.
Innate Immunity Evasion by Enteroviruses Linked to Epidemic Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease.
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肠道病毒逃避先天免疫与流行性手足口病有关
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.02422
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Duan G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin Y;Zhang R;Wu W;Duan G
肠道病毒（EV）感染是对全球公共卫生的主要威胁，并且引起轻度呼吸道疾病、手足口病（HFMD）、急性出血性结膜炎、无菌性脑膜炎、心肌炎、严重新生儿败血症样疾病和急性弛缓性麻痹流行。其中，手足口病是一种常见的儿科传染病，由小核糖核酸病毒科的EV引起，包括EV-A71、柯萨奇病毒（CV）-A2、CV-A6、CV-A10和CV-A16。由于缺乏疫苗和特定的抗病毒治疗，数百万儿童仍然患有手足口病。先天免疫系统通过相对有限数量的传感器检测外来入侵者，例如模式识别受体（PRR）[例如，视黄酸诱导基因I（RIG-I）样受体（RLR）、Toll样受体（TLR）和NOD样受体（NLR）]，甚至一些分泌的功能蛋白。然而，本综述中强调的一系列研究表明，与手足口病相关的EV已经进化出不同的策略，以避免通过不同的蛋白酶（例如，图2A、3C、2C和3D）。目前正在努力更好地了解控制先天免疫的病毒-宿主相互作用，然后提取如何影响手足口病的发展，这将具有现实意义。在这篇综述中，我们在九个部分中讨论了这个复杂的话题，包括与PRR和I型干扰素（IFN）信号相关的多种蛋白质。认识到与手足口病相关的EV如何逃避宿主先天免疫系统，我们还描述了它们之间的相互作用，最后提出了未来的方向，以更好地为药物开发和公共卫生提供信息。
Enterovirus (EV) infections are a major threat to global public health, and are responsible for mild respiratory illness, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, severe neonatal sepsis-like disease, and acute flaccid paralysis epidemic. Among them, HFMD is a common pediatric infectious disease caused by EVs of the family Picornaviridae including EV-A71, coxsackieviruses (CV)-A2, CV-A6, CV-A10, and CV-A16. Due to lack of vaccines and specific antiviral therapeutics, millions of children still suffer from HFMD. Innate immune system detects foreign invaders by means of a relatively limited number of sensors, such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [e.g., retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs)] and even some secreted functional proteins. However, a range of research, highlighted in this review, suggest that EV-associated with HFMD have evolved different strategies to avoid detection by innate immunity via different proteases (e.g., 2A, 3C, 2C, and 3D). Ongoing efforts to better understand virus–host interactions that control innate immunity and then distill how that influences HFMD development promises to have real-world significance. In this review, we address this complex topic in nine sections including multiple proteins associated with PRR and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Recognizing how EVs linked to HFMD evade host innate immune system, we also describe the interactions between them and, finally, suggest future directions to better inform drug development and public health.
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