Toxicological perspective on the osmoregulation and ionoregulation physiology of major ions by freshwater animals: Teleost fish, crustacea, aquatic insects, and Mollusca.
Toxicological perspective on the osmoregulation and ionoregulation physiology of major ions by freshwater animals: Teleost fish, crustacea, aquatic insects, and Mollusca.
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.3676
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Griffith MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffith MB
与自然沃茨相比，人为来源增加了淡水盐度，并产生了成分离子的差异。此外，离子在细胞内和细胞外液中的生理作用和浓度不同。四个淡水类群进行了比较，探讨离子运输过程的相似性和差异，以及离子运输机制表明这些或其他离子在淡水中的毒性。虽然存在差异，但许多离子转运蛋白在功能上相似，可能属于进化上保守的蛋白质家族。例如，硬骨鱼中的Na+/H+交换器与甲壳类中的H+/2Na+（或Ca 2+）交换器不同。Na+和Cl−在钙离子调节中占主导地位。狭盐性淡水动物过度调节，直到它们不再能够随着盐度的增加而维持高渗的细胞外Na+和Cl−浓度，并变得等渗。K+的毒性作用与离子调节和容量调节有关。细胞内和细胞外液之间的离子平衡由Na+/K+-腺苷三磷酸酶（ATP酶）维持，但缺乏关于顶端K+转运蛋白的详细信息。升高的H+通过Na+/H+交换影响内部Na+的维持;升高的HCO 3 −抑制Cl−摄取。Mg 2+的吸收发生在鳃或肠，但缺乏关于Mg 2+转运蛋白的详细信息。在蚌鳃中，SO 42-被积极转运，但大多数上皮细胞通常对SO 42-不渗透。Ca 2+的转运蛋白维持溶解的Ca 2+的稳态。需要更多地将生理学与毒理学结合起来，以充分了解淡水离子的影响。
Anthropogenic sources increase freshwater salinity and produce differences in constituent ions compared with natural waters. Moreover, ions differ in physiological roles and concentrations in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Four freshwater taxa groups are compared, to investigate similarities and differences in ion transport processes and what ion transport mechanisms suggest about the toxicity of these or other ions in freshwater. Although differences exist, many ion transporters are functionally similar and may belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families. For example, the Na+/H+-exchanger in teleost fish differs from the H+/2Na+ (or Ca2+)-exchanger in crustaceans. In osmoregulation, Na+ and Cl− predominate. Stenohaline freshwater animals hyperregulate until they are no longer able to maintain hypertonic extracellular Na+ and Cl− concentrations with increasing salinity and become isotonic. Toxic effects of K+ are related to ionoregulation and volume regulation. The ionic balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids is maintained by Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), but details are lacking on apical K+ transporters. Elevated H+ affects the maintenance of internal Na+ by Na+/H+ exchange; elevated HCO3− inhibits Cl− uptake. The uptake of Mg2+ occurs by the gills or intestine, but details are lacking on Mg2+ transporters. In unionid gills, SO42− is actively transported, but most epithelia are generally impermeant to SO42−. Transporters of Ca2+ maintain homeostasis of dissolved Ca2+. More integration of physiology with toxicology is needed to fully understand freshwater ion effects.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Abbas, Leila;Hajihashemi, Saeed;White, Stanley J.
通讯作者：
White, Stanley J.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
BOELTER, AM;LAMMING, FN;BERGMAN, HL
通讯作者：
BERGMAN, HL
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bogdanova, AY;Virkki, LV;Nikinmaa, M
通讯作者：
Nikinmaa, M
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Boisen, AMZ;Amstrup, J;Grosell, M
通讯作者：
Grosell, M
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Baldisserotto, B;Chowdhury, MJ;Wood, CA
通讯作者：
Wood, CA