Toxin injury‐dependent switched expression between EF‐1α and its sister, S1, in rat skeletal muscle
Toxin injury‐dependent switched expression between EF‐1α and its sister, S1, in rat skeletal muscle
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大鼠骨骼肌中 EF-1α 及其姐妹 S1 之间的毒素损伤依赖性表达转换
作者：
A. Khalyfa;B. Carlson;Jean A. Carlson;E. Wang
延伸因子-1α（EF-1α）是一种参与肽链延伸的翻译因子，普遍存在于所有细胞中。此前，我们鉴定了一个高度同源的 EF-1α 姐妹基因 S1，其转录物仅在三种组织中发现：脑、心脏和肌肉，其中 S1 的组织特异性表达是由于其仅存在于神经元和肌细胞等细胞中引起的。使用序列特异性合成肽，我们最近生产了多克隆抗体，可以将 EF-1α 的蛋白质产物与其姐妹 S1 的蛋白质产物区分开来。 Western blotting结果显示，这两种蛋白在S1阳性肌肉组织中呈反比关系，即当S1蛋白丰富时，EF-1α蛋白含量较低，反之亦然。在早期胚胎阶段，EF-1α 是主要的蛋白质种类，而 S1 几乎检测不到。这种高 EF-1α 与低 S1 蛋白的存在发生了转变，到出生后第 14 天，EF-1α 稀缺，而 S1 丰富；因此，EF-1α/S1 比率存在发育依赖性从高到低的转变，并且低 EF-1α/S1 比率在成年期保持不变。在本报告中，我们描述了肌肉损伤期间 EF-1α/S1 比率从低到高的逆转（通过注射 Marcaine 实验诱导），以及一旦损伤通过再生修复就恢复到原来的低比率。在这种损伤情况下，Marcaine 治疗后 EF-1α 立即迅速上调，可能反映了损伤依赖性再生反应。 EF-1α 的增加与 S1 蛋白存在的减少相对应，从而导致 EF-1α/S1 比率从低到高的变化。然而，当再生相关的增殖停止并且受损细胞中重新建立完全分化的肌管时，高 EF-1α/S1 比率最终会恢复到低水平。该结果表明：（1）高 EF-1α/S1 比值是损伤诱导再生的早期分子诊断标志物； (2)当损伤修复完成时，EF-1α/S1比率恢复到较低水平，反映肌纤维恢复到损伤前的功能状态。这里提出的结果不仅表明高 EF-1α/S1 比率是受伤肌肉的分子标志，而且还揭示了受伤期间肌肉的基础翻译调节。戴夫·戴因 1999；216：267–273。 ©1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Elongation factor‐1α, (EF‐1α), a translation factor involved in peptide chain elongation, is found ubiquitously in all cells. Previously, we identified a highly homologous EF‐1α sister gene, S1, whose transcript is found in only three tissues: brain, heart, and muscle, where the tissue‐specific expression of S1 is caused by its exclusive presence in cells such as neurons and myocytes. Using sequence‐specific synthetic peptides, we have recently produced polyclonal antibodies that can distinguish the protein product of EF‐1α from that of its sister, S1. Results of Western blotting show that these two proteins appear in S1‐positive muscle tissue in inverse relationship, i.e., when S1 protein is in abundance, EF‐1α protein is in contrast in low quantity, and vice versa. During early embryonic stages, EF‐1α is the predominant protein species, whereas S1 is hardly detectable. This high EF‐1α versus low S1 protein presence undergoes a switch in that by postnatal day 14, EF‐1α is scarce whereas S1 is abundant; thus, there is a development‐dependent shift of EF‐1α/S1 ratio from high to low, and the low EF‐1α/S1 ratio is maintained in adulthood. In this report, we describe the reversal of the EF‐1α/S1 ratio from low to high during muscle injury (experimentally induced by Marcaine injection), and a return to the original low ratio once the injury is repaired by regeneration. In this injury condition, EF‐1α is rapidly upregulated immediately after the Marcaine treatment, possibly reflecting an injury‐dependent response of regeneration. The increase of EF‐1α corresponds with a decrease of S1 protein presence, thus resulting in a change of EF‐1α/S1 ratio from low to high. However, the high EF‐1α/S1 ratio eventually reverts to low, when regeneration‐associated proliferation ceases, and fully differentiated myotubes are reestablished in the injured cells. This result shows that: (1) a high EF‐1α/S1 ratio is an early molecular diagnostic marker for injury‐elicited regeneration; and (2) when injury repair is accomplished, there is a reversion to the low EF‐1α/S1 ratio, reflecting the restoration of the muscle fiber to the preinjury functional status. Results presented here not only show that a high EF‐1α/S1 ratio is a molecular marker for injured muscle, but also reveal the underpinning translational regulation in muscle during injury. Dev Dyn 1999;216:267–273. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
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作者：
Ann,DK;Moutsatsos,IK;Nakamura,T;Lin,HH;Mao,PL;Lee,MJ;Chin,S;Liem,RK;Wang,E
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Wang,E
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
Merrick, WC
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993-11
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
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作者：
S. Lee;L. Wolfraim;E. Wang
通讯作者：
S. Lee;L. Wolfraim;E. Wang
他汀类药物 S1 和大鼠伸长因子 1 α 的表征为大鼠中两种明显表达的信息。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子：
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作者：
Ann,DK;Lin,HH;Lee,S;Tu,ZJ;Wang,E
通讯作者：
Wang,E