Parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein LBP/BPI protects Biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections.
Parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein LBP/BPI protects Biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003792
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Coustau C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baron OL;van West P;Industri B;Ponchet M;Dubreuil G;Gourbal B;Reichhart JM;Coustau C
雌性脊椎动物通过胎盘、初乳和乳汁或卵黄传递抗体，以保护尚未免疫成熟的后代免受病原体的侵害。在无脊椎动物中，这种具有重要进化意义的免疫转移记录很少，有关亲代对后代保护的性质和程度的基本问题仍然存在。在这项研究中，我们发现一种脂多糖结合蛋白/杀菌通透性增加蛋白家族成员（BgLBP/BPI1）大量装载到这种淡水蜗牛的卵中。天然蛋白和重组蛋白表现出保守的lps结合、抗菌和膜渗透活性。对各种病原体的广泛筛选揭示了该蛋白对致病性水霉菌（卵霉菌）的杀灭活性，这在人类BPI中是保守的。亲本蜗牛中LBP/BPI的rnai依赖性沉默导致生殖成功率显著降低，卵因卵菌感染而大量死亡。这项工作提供了第一个功能证据，证明LBP/BPI参与无脊椎动物后代的亲代免疫保护，并揭示了LBP/BPI家族成员的一种新的和保守的生物杀灭活性。脊椎动物的免疫系统不仅可以保护成年生物免受感染，而且还可以通过胎盘、初乳和乳汁或蛋黄传递先天和适应性免疫因子，从而提高后代的存活率。这种母体免疫转移对物种生存至关重要，因为胚胎和新生儿在生命早期免疫发育不成熟，无法抵抗感染。无脊椎动物的亲代免疫保护记录很少，估计有130万无脊椎动物物种如何保护它们的卵免受病原体的侵害仍然是一个有趣的问题。在这里，我们展示了淡水蜗牛，Biomphalaria glabrata在其卵中大量装载脂多糖结合蛋白/杀菌通透性增加蛋白（LBP/BPI），显示出预期的抗菌活性。值得注意的是，该蜗牛LBP/BPI对水霉菌（卵菌）也有很强的杀灭活性。这种尚未预料到的活性在人类BPI中是保守的。基因表达缺失导致蜗牛繁殖成功率降低，卵在水霉菌感染后大量死亡。这项工作揭示了LBP/BPI家族成员的一种新的和保守的生物杀灭活性，并表明蜗牛LBP/BPI代表了一种主要的健康相关蛋白，从父母转移到他们的卵窝，保护他们免受广泛和致命的卵菌感染。
Vertebrate females transfer antibodies via the placenta, colostrum and milk or via the egg yolk to protect their immunologically immature offspring against pathogens. This evolutionarily important transfer of immunity is poorly documented in invertebrates and basic questions remain regarding the nature and extent of parental protection of offspring. In this study, we show that a lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability increasing protein family member from the invertebrate Biomphalaria glabrata (BgLBP/BPI1) is massively loaded into the eggs of this freshwater snail. Native and recombinant proteins displayed conserved LPS-binding, antibacterial and membrane permeabilizing activities. A broad screening of various pathogens revealed a previously unknown biocidal activity of the protein against pathogenic water molds (oomycetes), which is conserved in human BPI. RNAi-dependent silencing of LBP/BPI in the parent snails resulted in a significant reduction of reproductive success and extensive death of eggs through oomycete infections. This work provides the first functional evidence that a LBP/BPI is involved in the parental immune protection of invertebrate offspring and reveals a novel and conserved biocidal activity for LBP/BPI family members. Vertebrate immune systems not only protect adult organisms against infections but also increase survival of offspring through parental transfer of innate and adaptive immune factors via the placenta, colostrum and milk or via the egg yolk. This maternal transfer of immunity is critical for species survival as embryos and neonates are immunologically immature and unable to fight off infections at early life stages. Parental immune protection is poorly documented in invertebrates and how the estimated 1.3 million of invertebrate species protect their eggs against pathogens remains an intriguing question. Here, we show that a fresh-water snail, Biomphalaria glabrata massively loads its eggs with a lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability increasing protein (LBP/BPI) displaying expected antibacterial activities. Remarkably, this snail LBP/BPI also displayed a strong biocidal activity against water molds (oomycetes). This yet unsuspected activity is conserved in human BPI. Gene expression knock-down resulted in the reduction of snail reproductive success and massive death of eggs after water mold infections. This work reveals a novel and conserved biocidal activity for LBP/BPI family members and demonstrates that the snail LBP/BPI represents a major fitness-related protein transferred from parents to their clutches and protecting them from widespread and lethal oomycete infections.
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