Characterizing and controlling intrinsic biases of lambda exonuclease in nascent strand sequencing reveals phasing between nucleosomes and G-quadruplex motifs around a subset of human replication origins.

Characterizing and controlling intrinsic biases of lambda exonuclease in nascent strand sequencing reveals phasing between nucleosomes and G-quadruplex motifs around a subset of human replication origins.
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DOI:
10.1101/gr.183848.114
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发表时间:
2015-05
期刊:
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Gerbi SA
Gerbi SA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Foulk MS;Urban JM;Casella C;Gerbi SA

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新生链测序 (NS-seq) 用于发现全基因组范围内的 DNA 复制起点,从而识别其规范的特征。 NS-seq 依赖于 lambda 核酸外切酶 (λ-exo) 有效消化亲本 DNA 同时保持 RNA 引物保护的新生链完整的能力。我们使用基因组学和生化方法来确定 λ-exo 是否平等地消化所有亲本 DNA 序列。我们报告 λ-exo 不能有效消化质粒中的 G-四链体 (G4) 结构。此外,非复制基因组 DNA (LexoG0) 的 λ-exo 消化在全基因组范围内富集了富含 GC 的 DNA 和 G4 基序。我们使用 LexoG0 数据来控制 NS-seq 中新生链独立的 λ-exo 偏差,并在 rDNA 位点验证了这种方法。 λ-exo 控制的 NS-seq 峰不富含 GC,并且仅 35.5% 与所有 G4 的 6.8% 重叠,表明 G4 不是起源规范的一般决定因素,但可能在一个子集中发挥作用。有趣的是,我们观察到 G4 基序和核小体在峰顶周围存在周期性间隔,这表明 G4 可能将核小体定位在这个起源子集。最后,我们证明在 λ-exo 消化缓冲液中使用 Na+ 代替 K+ 降低了 G4s 对 λ-exo 消化的影响,并讨论了提高 NS-seq 灵敏度和特异性的方法。
Nascent strand sequencing (NS-seq) is used to discover DNA replication origins genome-wide, allowing identification of features for their specification. NS-seq depends on the ability of lambda exonuclease (λ-exo) to efficiently digest parental DNA while leaving RNA-primer protected nascent strands intact. We used genomics and biochemical approaches to determine if λ-exo digests all parental DNA sequences equally. We report that λ-exo does not efficiently digest G-quadruplex (G4) structures in a plasmid. Moreover, λ-exo digestion of nonreplicating genomic DNA (LexoG0) enriches GC-rich DNA and G4 motifs genome-wide. We used LexoG0 data to control for nascent strand–independent λ-exo biases in NS-seq and validated this approach at the rDNA locus. The λ-exo–controlled NS-seq peaks are not GC-rich, and only 35.5% overlap with 6.8% of all G4s, suggesting that G4s are not general determinants for origin specification but may play a role for a subset. Interestingly, we observed a periodic spacing of G4 motifs and nucleosomes around the peak summits, suggesting that G4s may position nucleosomes at this subset of origins. Finally, we demonstrate that use of Na+ instead of K+ in the λ-exo digestion buffer reduced the effect of G4s on λ-exo digestion and discuss ways to increase both the sensitivity and specificity of NS-seq.
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