Developmental Changes in Children’s Object Insertions during Play

Developmental Changes in Children’s Object Insertions during Play
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儿童在游戏过程中插入物体的发展变化

DOI:
10.1080/15248372.2022.2025807
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Casasola, Marianella
Casasola, Marianella
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bambha, Valerie P.;Beckner, Aaron G.;Shetty, Nikita;Voss, Annika T.;Xie, Jinlin;Yiu, Eunice;LoBue, Vanessa;Oakes, Lisa M.;Casasola, Marianella

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幼儿期的空间游戏与各种空间和认知技能有关。然而,这些关联往往来自于不同年龄段使用不同任务的研究,这就留下了一个悬而未决的问题,即儿童在空间游戏中的自然行为是如何从婴儿期发展到学龄前早期的。我们使用了一个开放式的空间游戏任务,以建立典型的发展儿童的行为,从12至48个月(N= 66,36名女孩)。具体来说,我们观察到幼儿插入到市售的形状分选机,其中包括六个几何固体与相应的孔。这项任务的方法随着年龄的增长而改变。年幼的孩子主要是插入固体到大顶部开口,一个战略,不需要空间对齐的成功。在24至30个月之间,儿童转向将固体插入相应的侧开口,这是一种空间和运动上更困难的策略,需要将固体对齐到适当的开口。这种模式表明,在24个月大的时候,孩子们开始采用更复杂的策略来解决这个运动问题。与年轻参与者相比,年龄较大的儿童也完成了更高比例的成功插入,并且儿童成功插入旋转对称形状(例如,圆形)比旋转不对称形状(例如,三角形)。这项研究代表了重要的第一步,提供了一个详细的基线儿童的自然游戏行为在一个广泛的发展时期,可用于告知空间和认知系统如何有助于空间游戏。
Spatial play in early childhood is associated with a variety of spatial and cognitive skills. However, these associations are often derived from studies in which different tasks are used across different age ranges, leaving open the question of how children’s natural behaviors during spatial play develop from infancy into the early preschool years. We used an open-ended spatial play task to establish typically developing children’s behaviors from 12 to 48 months (N= 66, 36 girls). Specifically, we observed young children’s insertions into a commercially available shape sorter that included six geometric solids with corresponding apertures. Approaches to this task changed with age. Younger children primarily inserted solids into the large top opening, a strategy that did not require spatial alignment for success. Between 24 and 30 months, children shifted to inserting solids into their corresponding side openings, a more spatially and motorically difficult strategy that required aligning solids to their appropriate apertures. This pattern suggests that at 24 months, children begin to adopt more sophisticated strategies for this motor problem-solving task. Older children also completed a higher proportion of successful insertions compared to younger participants, and children successfully inserted rotationally symmetrical shapes (e.g., circle) at younger ages than rotationally asymmetrical shapes (e.g., triangle). This study represents an important first step in providing a detailed baseline of children’s natural play behaviors over a wide developmental period that can be used to inform how spatial and cognitive systems contribute to spatial play.
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