Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds.
Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds.
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鸟类通过模式识别受体对病毒的先天感知
DOI：
10.1186/1297-9716-44-82
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发表时间：
2013-09-09
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wang M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen S;Cheng A;Wang M
与哺乳动物相似，已在鸟类中发现了几种病毒感知模式识别受体(PRR)，包括Toll样受体(TLR)和维甲酸诱导基因I(RIG-I)样受体(RLR)。鸟类的TLR与哺乳动物略有不同，包括假基因TLR8，不存在TLR9，存在TLR1La、TLR1Lb、TLR15和TLR21。禽类TLR3和TLR7参与识别RNA病毒，特别是高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)，而TLR15和TLR21是潜在的识别RNA病毒和细菌的传感器。然而，TLR15的激动剂仍不清楚。有趣的是，与鸭、鹅和雀不同，鸡缺乏RIG-I，但它们确实表达黑色素瘤分化相关基因5(MDA5)，该基因在功能上补偿RIG-I的缺失。鸭RIG-I是识别HPAIV的胞质识别元件，而鸡细胞通过MDA5识别HPAIV。然而，MDA5和RIG-I在诱导HPAIV感染的干扰素-β中的作用是不同的，这可能与鸡对高致病性流感的易感性有关。值得注意的是，禽类DNA病毒与PRR之间的相互作用尚未见报道。此外，禽类节点样受体(NLR)在病毒免疫中的作用在很大程度上是未知的。本文综述了不同类型PRR在鸟类识别病毒方面的最新进展。特别讨论了禽类PRR的组织和细胞分布，病毒对PRR的识别和激活，以及随后固有的抗病毒基因如I型干扰素和促炎细胞因子的表达。
Similar to mammals, several viral-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRR) have been identified in birds including Toll-like receptors (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR). Avian TLR are slightly different from their mammalian counterparts, including the pseudogene TLR8, the absence of TLR9, and the presence of TLR1La, TLR1Lb, TLR15, and TLR21. Avian TLR3 and TLR7 are involved in RNA virus recognition, especially highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), while TLR15 and TLR21 are potential sensors that recognize both RNA viruses and bacteria. However, the agonist of TLR15 is still unknown. Interestingly, chickens, unlike ducks, geese and finches, lack RIG-I, however they do express melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) which functionally compensates for the absence of RIG-I. Duck RIG-I is the cytosolic recognition element for HPAIV recognition, while chicken cells sense HPAIV through MDA5. However, the contributions of MDA5 and RIG-I to IFN-β induction upon HPAIV infection is different, and this may contribute to the chicken’s susceptibility to highly pathogenic influenza. It is noteworthy that the interactions between avian DNA viruses and PRR have not yet been reported. Furthermore, the role for avian Nod-like receptors (NLR) in viral immunity is largely unknown. In this review, recent advances in the field of viral recognition by different types of PRR in birds are summarized. In particular, the tissue and cellular distribution of avian PRR, the recognition and activation of PRR by viruses, and the subsequent expression of innate antiviral genes such as type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines are discussed.
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