Attribution of Air Quality Benefits to Clean Winter Heating Policies in China: Combining Machine Learning with Causal Inference.

Attribution of Air Quality Benefits to Clean Winter Heating Policies in China: Combining Machine Learning with Causal Inference.
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中国将空气质量效益归因于清洁冬季取暖政策:机器学习与因果推理相结合。

DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.2c06800
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发表时间:
2023-11-21
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Shi, Zongbo
Shi, Zongbo
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song, Congbo;Liu, Bowen;Cheng, Kai;Cole, Matthew A.;Dai, Qili;Elliott, Robert J. R.;Shi, Zongbo

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供暖是空气污染的主要来源。为了改善空气质量,中国在过去十年中实施了一系列清洁供暖政策。在这里,我们使用一种新的基于观测的因果推理方法评估了冬季供暖和清洁供暖政策对中国空气质量的影响。在2015-2021年期间,冬季供暖导致年PM2.5、日最大8小时平均O3和SO2分别增加4.6、2.5和2.3 μg m-3。2015 - 2021年,北京及周边城市冬季供暖对PM2.5的影响(即,“2 + 26”城市)减少5.9 μg m-3(41.3%),而其他北方城市仅减少1.2 μg m-3(12.9%)。这证明了“2 + 26”城市更严格的清洁取暖政策对PM2.5的有效性。总体而言,清洁取暖政策使中国大陆的PM2. 5年平均值从2015年至2021年减少了1. 9 μg m-3,有望在2021年避免23,556人过早死亡。准自然实验研究揭示了清洁供暖政策对改善中国空气质量和公众健康的显着好处。
Heating is a major source of air pollution. To improve air quality, a range of clean heating policies were implemented in China over the past decade. Here, we evaluated the impacts of winter heating and clean heating policies on air quality in China using a novel, observation-based causal inference approach. During 2015–2021, winter heating causally increased annual PM2.5, daily maximum 8-h average O3, and SO2 by 4.6, 2.5, and 2.3 μg m–3, respectively. From 2015 to 2021, the impacts of winter heating on PM2.5 in Beijing and surrounding cities (i.e., “2 + 26” cities) decreased by 5.9 μg m–3 (41.3%), whereas that in other northern cities only decreased by 1.2 μg m–3 (12.9%). This demonstrates the effectiveness of stricter clean heating policies on PM2.5 in “2 + 26” cities. Overall, clean heating policies caused the annual PM2.5 in mainland China to reduce by 1.9 μg m–3 from 2015 to 2021, potentially avoiding 23,556 premature deaths in 2021. Quasi-natural experimental study reveals significant benefits of clean heating policies on improving air quality and public health in China.
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