Discovery of the mitotic selective chromatid segregation phenomenon and its implications for vertebrate development.
Discovery of the mitotic selective chromatid segregation phenomenon and its implications for vertebrate development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.006
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Klar AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armakolas A;Koutsilieris M;Klar AJ
不对称细胞分裂过程是细胞分化和胚胎发育所必需的。最近在果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫中获得的证据表明，这一过程是通过蛋白质或mRNA（内在因素）向子细胞的非等量分布，或通过它们对细胞外在因素的不同暴露而发生的。相反，单倍体分裂酵母姐妹细胞通过遗传姐妹染色单体而发育不同，姐妹染色单体是通过表观遗传手段分化的。具体地说，在酵母中，在几乎每个染色体复制周期中，交配型位点的DNA复制行为仅在2号染色体姐妹染色单体的一个特定成员中改变其交替等位基因。为了使这种细胞分化机制严格遵循二倍体DNA的沃森-克里克结构，需要有选择性分离机制来协调可能分化的姐妹染色单体向子细胞的分布。对小鼠细胞中7号染色体有丝分裂重组的分析偶然地提供了这一假设的遗传证据。值得注意的是，偏分离发生在某些细胞类型中，而不是在其他细胞类型中，并且这个过程似乎是染色体特异性的。本文综述了选择性染色单体分离现象的发现，并提出这种体细胞姐妹染色单体印迹和选择性染色单体分离（SSIS模型）的过程可能解释真核生物的发育，如小鼠身体轴左右内脏器官的侧边性规范。
The asymmetric cell division process is required for cellular differentiation and embryonic development. Recent evidence obtained in Drosophila and C. elegans suggest that this process occurs by non-equivalent distribution of proteins or mRNA (intrinsic factors) to daughter cells, or by their differential exposure to cell extrinsic factors. In contrast, haploid fission yeast sister cells developmentally differ by inheriting sister chromatids that are differentiated by epigenetic means. Specifically, the act of DNA replication at the mating-typelocus in yeast switches it’s alternate alleles only in one specific member of chromosome 2 sister chromatids in nearly every chromosome replication cycle. To employ this kind of mechanism for cellular differentiation, strictly based on Watson-Crick structure of DNA in diploid organism, selectivesegregation mechanism is required to coordinate distribution of potentially differentiated sister chromatids to daughter cells. Genetic evidence to this postulate was fortuitously provided by the analysis of mitotic recombinants of chromosome 7 in mouse cells. Remarkably, the biased segregation occurs in some cell types but not in others and the process seems to be chromosome-specific. This review summarizes the discovery of selective chromatid segregation phenomenon and it suggests that such a process of Somatic Sister chromatid Imprinting and Selective chromatid Segregation (SSIS model) might explain development in eukaryotes, such as that of the body axis left-right visceral organs laterality specification in mice.
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影响因子：
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