The Intertwined Evolution and Development of Sutures and Cranial Morphology.
The Intertwined Evolution and Development of Sutures and Cranial Morphology.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2021.653579
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tucker AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White HE;Goswami A;Tucker AS
哺乳动物之间的表型差异是广泛的，反映了它们在每个大陆和每个海洋的不同栖息地的生态多样性。头骨执行许多功能，使每个物种能够在其独特的生态位内茁壮成长，从获取猎物、摄食、感官捕捉(支持视觉和听力)到大脑保护。颅骨形态复杂多变，反映了颅骨功能的多样性。颅骨形态可以使用几何形态测量技术来量化，以提供对进化模式、生态形态、发育、分类学和系统发育的宝贵见解。因此，头骨是最适合进行发育和进化分析的骨骼元素之一。相比之下，对分隔颅骨的纤维缝合关节的关注较少。在出生后颅面发育的整个过程中，缝合线作为骨骼生长的场所发挥作用，以适应成长中的大脑的扩张。作为生长的前沿，颅缝对颅骨的大小和形状起着积极的作用，颅缝的活动水平和时间段的变化会改变整个颅骨的形状。与此相一致的是，生后病理性的过早缝合会导致严重的颅骨畸形(颅缝早闭)。除了这一关键作用外，缝合线在出生后还具有提供运动减震的功能，在喂养过程中允许关节活动，在出生后的后期，缝合线融合作用保护发育的大脑。所有这些缝合功能都对整个颅骨的功能、发育和形态有明显的影响，并突出了缝合发育模式在形成不同类群之间的颅骨形态多样性方面的重要性。本文以哺乳动物的颅骨系统为研究对象，从进化发育生物学的角度综述了缝合发育与形态和颅骨形状之间的内在联系，以期了解缝合对进化多样性的影响。未来将缝合线发展整合到一个比较进化框架中的工作将有助于理解形成缝合线的发育机制最终如何影响进化多样性。
Phenotypic variation across mammals is extensive and reflects their ecological diversification into a remarkable range of habitats on every continent and in every ocean. The skull performs many functions to enable each species to thrive within its unique ecological niche, from prey acquisition, feeding, sensory capture (supporting vision and hearing) to brain protection. Diversity of skull function is reflected by its complex and highly variable morphology. Cranial morphology can be quantified using geometric morphometric techniques to offer invaluable insights into evolutionary patterns, ecomorphology, development, taxonomy, and phylogenetics. Therefore, the skull is one of the best suited skeletal elements for developmental and evolutionary analyses. In contrast, less attention is dedicated to the fibrous sutural joints separating the cranial bones. Throughout postnatal craniofacial development, sutures function as sites of bone growth, accommodating expansion of a growing brain. As growth frontiers, cranial sutures are actively responsible for the size and shape of the cranial bones, with overall skull shape being altered by changes to both the level and time period of activity of a given cranial suture. In keeping with this, pathological premature closure of sutures postnatally causes profound misshaping of the skull (craniosynostosis). Beyond this crucial role, sutures also function postnatally to provide locomotive shock absorption, allow joint mobility during feeding, and, in later postnatal stages, suture fusion acts to protect the developed brain. All these sutural functions have a clear impact on overall cranial function, development and morphology, and highlight the importance that patterns of suture development have in shaping the diversity of cranial morphology across taxa. Here we focus on the mammalian cranial system and review the intrinsic relationship between suture development and morphology and cranial shape from an evolutionary developmental biology perspective, with a view to understanding the influence of sutures on evolutionary diversity. Future work integrating suture development into a comparative evolutionary framework will be instrumental to understanding how developmental mechanisms shaping sutures ultimately influence evolutionary diversity.
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