Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture.
Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture.
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DOI：
10.1111/jfb.12187
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hall SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beveridge MC;Thilsted SH;Phillips MJ;Metian M;Troell M;Hall SJ
粮食和营养不安全的人主要居住在亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲，对许多人来说，鱼类是蛋白质、微量营养素和必需脂肪酸的丰富来源。鱼类对家庭粮食和营养安全的贡献取决于可得性、获取途径以及文化和个人偏好。获取鱼在很大程度上取决于地点、季节和价格，但在个人层面上也取决于个人的生理和健康状况以及如何准备、烹饪和在家庭成员之间分享鱼。在过去30年里，水产养殖的持续和快速扩张导致现在消费的所有鱼类中有40%来自养殖。虽然水产养殖产品在许多亚洲人的饮食中占有越来越重要的地位，但在生活在撒哈拉以南非洲的人们中却不那么明显。在这里，人均鱼类消费量几乎没有增长，尽管市场明显强劲，生物物理条件充足，但水产养殖尚未发展。水产养殖对粮食和营养安全的贡献不仅是水产养殖发生地点的问题，而且是生产什么产品以及如何以及是否能像捕捞渔业那样获得产品的问题。日益全球化的水产养殖业生产的鱼类种类不同于捕捞渔业生产的鱼类种类。由于养殖鱼类的种类和饲养方法不同，养殖鱼类的营养成分也不同。养殖鱼的价格影响贫穷消费者获取鱼的机会，而收获鱼的大小影响鱼的获取和使用。本文探讨了这些问题，特别提到了亚洲和非洲，以及确保鱼类养殖能够发挥其潜力以满足全球人口的粮食和营养需求所需的技术和政策创新。
People who are food and nutrition insecure largely reside in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and for many, fish represents a rich source of protein, micronutrients and essential fatty acids. The contribution of fish to household food and nutrition security depends upon availability, access and cultural and personal preferences. Access is largely determined by location, seasonality and price but at the individual level it also depends upon a person's physiological and health status and how fish is prepared, cooked and shared among household members. The sustained and rapid expansion of aquaculture over the past 30 years has resulted in >40% of all fish now consumed being derived from farming. While aquaculture produce increasingly features in the diets of many Asians, it is much less apparent among those living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, per capita fish consumption has grown little and despite the apparently strong markets and adequate biophysical conditions, aquaculture has yet to develop. The contribution of aquaculture to food and nutrition security is not only just an issue of where aquaculture occurs but also of what is being produced and how and whether the produce is as accessible as that from capture fisheries. The range of fish species produced by an increasingly globalized aquaculture industry differs from that derived from capture fisheries. Farmed fishes are also different in terms of their nutrient content, a result of the species being grown and of rearing methods. Farmed fish price affects access by poor consumers while the size at which fish is harvested influences both access and use. This paper explores these issues with particular reference to Asia and Africa and the technical and policy innovations needed to ensure that fish farming is able to fulfil its potential to meet the global population's food and nutrition needs.
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影响因子：
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