The unusual gynoecium structure and extragynoecial pollen-tube pathway in Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae)

The unusual gynoecium structure and extragynoecial pollen-tube pathway in Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae)
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商陆(商陆科)不寻常的雌蕊结构和雌蕊外花粉管通路

DOI:
10.1007/s00606-018-1518-z
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发表时间:
2018-06
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Wang Xiao Fan
Wang Xiao Fan
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang Qi;Huang Lan Jie;Wang Xiao Fan

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心皮融合形成一个完整的复合雌蕊群被认为是被子植物进化的一个重要特征,在一些离生心皮的植物中,雌蕊群的融合也是通过生殖后融合发生的。然而,在商陆雌蕊群的发育过程中,我们发现了相反的过程,即心皮从心皮原基中分离出来。利用半薄切片和扫描电镜观察了商陆和美洲商陆雌蕊的结构和发育,利用荧光显微镜观察了两种商陆雌蕊中花粉管的生长,并应用拓扑学方法分析了雌蕊结构与花粉管通道的关系。虽然美洲黑杨和美国黑杨的雌蕊片都是合心皮,但由于发育过程的不同,这两种合心皮的成熟雌蕊片的心皮融合程度不同。然而,商陆雌蕊发育过程中心皮融合程度的变化并不影响花粉管的生长,这是因为存在雌蕊外花粉管通道。因此,商陆心皮融合程度的变化主要是与选择压力有关的发育过程多样化的结果。
The fusion of carpels into a unified compound gynoecium is considered a dominant feature of angiosperm evolution and it also occurs by postgenital fusion during the gynoecium development in some apocarpous species. However, we found the reverse process, the separation of carpels from combined carpel primordia, during the development of the gynoecium in Phytolacca. Semithin sectioning and scanning electron microscopy were utilised to observe the structure and development of the gynoecia in Phytolacca acinosa and Phytolacca americana, fluorescence microscopy was utilised to observe the pollen tube growth in the gynoecia of the two species, and the topology method was applied to analyze the relationship between the gynoecium structure and pollen tube pathway. Although the gynoecia of P. acinosa and P. americana are both syncarpous, the degree of carpel fusion in the mature gynoecia of the two syncarpous species is different as a result of variant developmental processes. However, change in the degree of carpel fusion during the development of gynoecia in Phytolacca does not affect pollen tube growth because of the existence of the extragynoecial pollen-tube pathway. Thus, the change in the degree of carpel fusion in Phytolacca is primarily the result of diversification of developmental processes related to selection pressure.
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